Izithethi zesiNgesi ezingezizo zomthonyama zijongene nemiqobo emininzi ekwenzeni imisebenzi inzululwazi. Bakwimeko yokusilela ekufundeni amaphepha esiNgesi, ukubhala nokufunda imibhalo-ngqangi ebhalwe ngesandla, nokulungiselela nokwenza iintetho zomlomo kwiinkomfa zesiNgesi. Ngenkxaso encinci efumanekayo kumaziko kunye namanqanaba oluntu, abantu abangathethi isiNgesi abangengomthonyama bashiywe ukuba boyise ezi zinto zingeloncedo ekwakheni amakhondo abo kwisayensi. Kunikwe i-95% yabemi behlabathi abathethi isiNgesi kunye nabantu ngokubanzi labantu ngumthombo wabaphandi, kunyanzelekile ukujongana nemiba abajongene nayo ekuqhubeni imisebenzi yezenzululwazi kuba inzululwazi ayinakukwazi ukuphosa igalelo kwiqula elikhulu elingasetyenziswanga. Ukusetyenziswa kwe AI-based izixhobo zinokunciphisa imiqobo yolwimi “kubantu abantetho isisiNgesi abangengabo bomthonyama” kwimfundo yezenzululwazi nophando ngokubonelela ngeenguqulelo ezisemgangathweni nokuhlola iimpazamo. Inzululwazi yaseYurophu isebenzisa isixhobo esekwe kwi-AI ukubonelela ngeenguqulelo zamanqaku kwiilwimi ezingaphezu kwama-80. Iinguqulelo zisenokungagqibelelanga kodwa xa zifundwa ngenqaku lokuqala lesiNgesi, zenza ukuqonda kunye noxabiso lombono kube lula.
Inzululwazi mhlawumbi ngowona “msonto” ubalulekileyo odibanisa uluntu oluzaliswe ziingcamango neempazamo zezopolitiko. Ubomi bethu kunye neenkqubo zomzimba zisekelwe ubukhulu becala inzululwazi kunye neteknoloji. Ukubaluleka kwayo kungaphaya kobukhulu bomzimba kunye nebhayoloji. Kungaphezulu nje kolwazi oluphangaleleyo; inzululwazi yindlela yokucinga. Kwaye sifuna ulwimi lokucinga, ukufikelela kunye nokwabelana ngezimvo kunye nolwazi kunye nokusasaza inkqubela phambili kulo inzululwazi. Nantso indlela inzululwazi iqhubela phambili kwaye iqhubela uluntu phambili1.
Ngenxa yezizathu zembali, isiNgesi savela njenge lingua franca kubantu bezizwe ezininzi ezahlukeneyo kunye nemfundo yesayensi kunye nophando kumazwe amaninzi. Kukho ulwazi olutyebileyo kunye nesiseko sobutyebi ngesiNgesi kubo bobabini "abantu kwisayensi" kunye "nabaphulaphuli ngokubanzi abanengqondo yesayensi". Ubukhulu becala, isiNgesi siye sasebenza kakuhle ekudibaniseni abantu nasekusasazeni inzululwazi.
Njengesithethi sesiNgesi esingengomthonyama osuka kwidolophu encinci, ndikhumbula ndibeka iinzame ezongezelelweyo kwiintsuku zam zasekholejini ekuqondeni iincwadi zezifundo zolwimi lwesiNgesi kunye noncwadi lwesayensi. Kwandithatha iminyaka eliqela kwimfundo yaseyunivesithi ukuze ndikwazi ukuthetha isiNgesi. Ke ngoko, ngokusekwe kumava am obuqu, bendihlala ndicinga ukuba izithethi zesiNgesi ezingezizo zomthonyama kwisayensi kufuneka zenze umzamo owongezelelweyo wokuhambelana nezithethi zesiNgesi ngokwamandla okuqonda amaphepha ophando afanelekileyo kunye nokunxibelelana ngempumelelo ngemibhalo-ngqangi ebhaliweyo kunye neentetho zomlomo. iisemina kunye neenkomfa. Uphando olupapashwe kutshanje lunika ubungqina obubambekayo bokuxhasa oku.
Kuphononongo olupapashwe kwi-PLOS nge-18th NgoJulayi 2023, ababhali bavavanya abaphandi abangama-908 yokusingqongileyo inzululwazi ukuqikelela nokuthelekisa isixa somzamo ofunekayo ukuze kuqhutywe imisebenzi yenzululwazi ngesiNgesi phakathi kwabaphandi abavela kumazwe ahlukeneyo kunye nemvelaphi yolwimi kunye nezoqoqosho. Iziphumo zabonisa umgangatho obalulekileyo wesithintelo solwimi kubantu abangathethi isiNgesi. Abantu abangengabo abathetha isiNgesi badinga ixesha elingakumbi lokufunda nokubhala iphepha. Zifuna umgudu ongakumbi wokuhlola umbhalo-ngqangi. Imibhalo-ngqangi yabo kusenokwenzeka ukuba ingamkelwa ziijenali ngenxa yokubhalwa kwesiNgesi. Ngapha koko, bajongana nemiqobo emikhulu ekulungiseleleni nasekwenzeni intetho yomlomo kwiisemina nakwiinkomfa eziqhutywa ngesiNgesi. Uphononongo aluzange lubangele uxinzelelo lwengqondo, amathuba alahlekileyo kunye namatyala abo baye bayeka ngenxa yesithintelo solwimi ngoko ke iziphumo ezipheleleyo kubantu abathetha isiNgesi abangengabo bomthonyama zinokuba nzima ngakumbi kunokuba zifunyenwe kolu phononongo. Xa kungekho nkxaso yeziko, kushiyeke kubantu abantetho isisiNgesi abangengomthonyama ukwenza iinzame ezongezelelweyo notyalo-mali ukoyisa imiqobo kunye nokwakha amakhondo emisebenzi kwisayensi. Uphononongo lucebisa ukubonelela ngenkxaso enxulumene nolwimi kumanqanaba amaziko nasekuhlaleni ukunciphisa izinto ezingeloncedo kwabo bantetho isisiNgesi. Njengoko i-95% yabemi behlabathi bengengabo abo bathetha isiNgesi kwaye abemi ngokubanzi ngowona mthombo wokugqibela womphandi, ukubonelela ngenkxaso kumanqanaba amaziko kunye nentlalo kubalulekile. Uluntu alunakukwazi ukuphosa igalelo kwisayensi ukusuka kwidama elikhulu kangaka elingasetyenziswanga2.
I-Artificial Intelligence (AI) lolunye uphuhliso lwezenzululwazi olunamandla okujongana nezinye zeengxaki ezibalulekileyo ezijongene nabantu abathetha isiNgesi abangengomthonyama ngexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu. Uninzi lwezixhobo ze-AI ngoku ziyafumaneka kurhwebo ezibonelela ngenguqulelo ye-neural esemgangathweni phantse kuzo zonke iilwimi. Kukwayenzeka ukuba kufundwe kwakhona imibhalo-ngqangi usebenzisa izixhobo ze-AI. Oku kunokunciphisa umgudu kunye neendleko kwiinguqulelo kunye nokufunda iimpazamo.
Ukwenzela lula abantu abantetho isisiNgesi nabafundisi abangabomthonyama, Inzululwazi yaseYurophu isebenzisa isixhobo esekwe kwi-AI ukubonelela ngokuguqulelwa kakuhle kwe-neural kwamanqaku kwiilwimi ezingaphezu kwama-80 ezigubungela phantse uluntu luphela. Iinguqulelo zisenokungagqibelelanga kodwa xa zifundwa ngenqaku lokuqala lesiNgesi, ukuqonda kunye noxabiso lombono kuba lula. Njengemagazini yesayensi, iScientific European ilungele ukusasaza uphuhliso olubalulekileyo lwesayensi nethekhinoloji kubafundi abanengqondo yezenzululwazi ngokubanzi ngakumbi iingqondo eziselula uninzi lwabo oluya kukhetha imisebenzi yesayensi kwixa elizayo.
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umthombo:
- uCarl Sagan's Inzululwazi Njengendlela yokucinga
- Amano T., okqhubekayo 2023. Iindleko ezininzi zokuba sisithethi sesiNgesi esingengomthonyama kwisayensi. I-PLOS. Ipapashwe: Julayi 18, 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002184
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