UAlfred Nobel kuLeonard Blavatnik: Indlela amabhaso asekwa ngayo ngabathandi bobubele abachaphazela iNzululwazi kunye neSayensi  

UAlfred Nobel, usomashishini owaziwa ngokuyila i-dynamite owenza ubutyebi ngeziqhushumbisi kunye neshishini lezixhobo kwaye wanikela ngobutyebi bakhe ukuze asungule kwaye anike amandla "amabhaso abo, ebudeni bonyaka owandulelayo, baye banikela eyona ngenelo inkulu kuluntu”. Eyokuqala Nobel Amabhaso kwisayensi anikezelwa ngo-1901 kuWilhelm Conrad Röntgen kwifiziksi ngokufunyanwa kweX-reyi, kuJacobus H. van 't Hoff kwichemistry yeOsmotic Pressure kunye neChemical Equilibrium, kunye noEmil von Behring kumayeza nakwiphysiology kunyango lweserum, ngakumbi ukusetyenziswa kwayo ngokuchasene ne-diphtheria. Okunye yimbali - Nobel Ibhaso ngoku, liwonga legolide kunye “newonga” lokugqibela elinokufunwa sisazinzulu.  

Ngokuhamba kwexesha, amabhaso enzululwazi aye anda ehlabathini lonke. IiMbasa zeSayensi zeBayer Foundation liqela lamabhaso anikezelwa sisiseko esasekwa nguNjingalwazi Kurt Hansen ukukhuthaza ukufundiswa kwenzululwazi. Kwakhona waseka i Imbasa yoSapho yeHansen kwinzululwazi yezonyango ngowama-2000. USergey Brin, uYuri noJulia Milner, uMark Zuckerberg noPriscilla Chan, uAnne Wojcicki, kunye noPony Ma baseka Ukuphumelela ibhaso eyisethi yeembasa zamazwe ngamazwe. Ibhaso lokuqala lokuPhumelela lanikezelwa ngo-2012.  

IiMbasa zeBlavatnik yeSayensi eziNcinci ezineminyaka eyi-42 nangaphantsi, yasekwa ngo-2007 ngokusebenzisana phakathi kweBlavatnik Family Foundation, ekhokelwa ngu. ULeonard Blavatnik kunye neNew York Academy ye ZeSayensi, ekhokelwa nguNicholas Dirks. ULeonard waphefumlelwa ukuba aqalise ibhaso elifanayo emva kokubukela Nobel umsitho wamabhaso.  

Ekuqaleni, uBlavatnik wayevulekele izazinzulu eNew York, eNew Jersey naseConnecticut e-USA. Ngo-2014, ibhaso landiswa ukuze libandakanye izazinzulu eziselula kulo lonke elase-US, nase-UK nase-Israel ngo-2018. IiMbasa zeBlavatnik zeeNzululwazi eziselula e-UK ukwenzela i unyaka 2024 isanda kunikezelwa ku-Anthony Green ngokuyila kunye nobunjineli be-enzymes ezintsha, kunye nemisebenzi ebalulekileyo ye-catalytic eyayingaziwa ngaphambili kwindalo, uRahul R. Nair ngokuphuhlisa i-membrane yenoveli esekelwe kwi-2D imathiriyeli eya kwenza ulwahlulo olusebenzayo kunye nobuchwepheshe bokuhluza, kunye noNicholas McGranahan. , ukuze kusetyenziswe imigaqo yendaleko ukuze kuqondwe umhlaza nokuba kutheni kunzima kangaka nje ukunyanga amathumba.  

Okubangela umdla kukuba, uphononongo lwakutsha nje malunga nefuthe lamabhaso kumsebenzi olandelayo wabamkeli babo luveze ukuba izazinzulu ngamakhondo angaphambili (ngaphantsi kweminyaka engama-42) zidla ngokufumana izicatshulwa ezithe kratya kwimisebenzi yazo yasemva kwebhaso kunomsebenzi ophakathi (iminyaka engama-42 ukuya kwengama-57) kwaye izazinzulu eziphezulu (ngaphezulu kweminyaka engama-57). Nobel Abaphumelele amawonga bafumene izicatshulwa ezimbalwa kwisithuba somsebenzi waphambi kokuwonga¹. Kuyabonakala ukuba, amabhaso ajolise kwiingcali zenzululwazi yabasaqalayo anegalelo elikhulu kuphando olunempembelelo kunye nefuthe. Amabhaso afana noBlavatnik asebenza ngakumbi njengeleli yokunyuka ngokwenkxaso kunye nenkuthazo kwizazinzulu eziselula, ngaloo ndlela zizalise isithuba.  

Amabhaso eza nokuthembeka, inkxaso yemali, uqhagamshelo lweshishini kunye nemibhiyozo. Ukongeza, banempembelelo entle engqondweni nakubuntu babamkeli. Ukuwongwa, udumo kunye nokwamkelwa zikhuthaza kakhulu izazinzulu kwimisebenzi yazo. Ukuxatyiswa kunye nokunconywa eluntwini kukhulisa ukuzithemba kwabo bawongwayo². Ezi ziphumo zengqondo zingaphathekiyo zinefuthe kuyo yonke inkqubo yendalo yophando.  

Amabhaso namawonga akwaluncedo ekukhetheni umbuzo wophando lwezazinzulu. Basebenza njengenkuthazo ephambili emva kweendlela ezintsha zomngcipheko ophezulu kunye nokukhuthaza ukuphononongwa kwemibono emitsha³. Oku kubalulekile xa kujongwe izimvo ezimbalwa kwaye abaphengululi batyhala imida yenzululwazi⁴. 

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Iingxelo: 

1. Nepomuceno A., Bayer H., kunye no-Ioannidis JPA, 2023. Impembelelo yamabhaso amakhulu kumsebenzi olandelayo wabamkeli bawo. Royal Society Open Science. Ipapashwe:09 Agasti 2023. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.230549 

2. Soni R., 2020. Ukuvala uMsantsa phakathi kweNzululwazi kunye noMntu oQhelekileyo: Umbono weNzululwazi. Inzululwazi yaseYurophu. Inzululwazi yaseYurophu.14 Meyi 2020. 

3. Fortunato S., okqhubekayo 2018. Inzululwazi yenzululwazi. ISAYENSI. 2 Mar 2018. Vol 359, Issue 6379. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aao0185 

4. UMa Y. kunye no-Uzzi B., 2018. Inethiwekhi yebhaso lezenzululwazi iqikelela ukuba ngubani otyhala imida yesayensi. PNAS. Ipapashwe 10 December 2018. 115 (50) 12608-12615. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1800485115 

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