Impucuko yaseHarappan yayingeyondibaniselwano yabantu baseMbindi baseAsiya, ama-Irani okanye amaMesopotamiya abathe bangenisa ulwazi lwempucuko, kodwa endaweni yoko yayiliqela elahlukileyo. zofuzo yahlukana ixesha elide ngaphambi kokufika kweHC. Ngaphezu koko, ngenxa yokucetyiswa yemfuza Umahluko weHC, kubonakala ngathi akunakufane kwenzeke ukuba ulwimi kulo mmandla wejografi lwangeniswa kumazwe angaphandle liqela lase-Indo-European njengoko kudla ngokuba yingcingane. Okokugqibela, uphononongo lubonisa ukuba i-DNA yabemi be-HC babe negalelo elincinci kuMbindi kunye naseNtshona-Asia kodwa babe negalelo kwimfuzo yanamhlanje yaseMzantsi Asia.
Impucuko yaseHarappan (HC), eyayifudula ibizwa ngokuba yi-Indus Valley Civilization, yenye yeyokuqala impucuko ukuvela ngokuzimeleyo. I-HC yaba "ikhulile" malunga ne-2600BCE; ukuba needolophu ezicwangcisiweyo ngobuchule ezineenkqubo zokuthuthwa kwamanzi ezintsonkothileyo, kunye nomgangatho obanzi womgangatho wobunzima nemilinganiselo. Impucuko yayiyeyona inkulu ngexesha layo, kunye neHC kubandakanya uninzi lomntla-ntshona we-Asia. I yemfuza Uhlalutyo olwenziwe ngowasetyhini wamandulo obizwa ngokuba “ngumfazi kaRakhigarhi” (okuthiywe ngegama ledolophu yanamhlanje yaseIndiya apho amathambo akhe afunyanwa khona), kuqikelelwa ukuba wayehlala phakathi kowama-2300 no-2800BCE kwidolophu yaseHC, inika ukukhanya kwizinyanya kunye nenzala enokubakho abantu ababehlala eHC.
I-DNA ye-mitochondrial yomfazi wakudala nayo yalandelelana. I-mitochondrial haplogroup (oku kubonisa ukhokho oqhelekileyo kumnombo wemfuza) yayiyi-U2b2, engeyiyo i-haplogroup efunyenwe kwi-mitochondrial genomes yamandulo yase-Asia Ephakathi ebonisa ukuba lo mfazi wayevela kummandla we-HC kwaye wayengekho. zofuzo umfuduki osuka kuMbindi Asia. Ngaphaya koko, eli haplogroup lifumaneka phantse kuMzantsi Asia wale mihla, licebisa ukuba abantu base-Asiya banamhlanje banokuhla nokuba besuka kubantu ababeyinxalenye ye-HC okanye babelane ngomnombo wokhokho ofanayo kubo.
I-DNA yomfazi waseRakhigarhi nayo yayihluke kakhulu DNA yamandulo ifunyenwe eTurkmenistan (iBronze Age Gonur) kunye neIran (Shahr-i-Sokhta) ukusuka ngexesha elifanayo, kodwa ngokumangalisayo ineyantlukwano kunye neDNA yama-Asiya anamhlanje abonisa ukuba ama-Asiya anamhlanje anokuthi aphuma kwimizila efanayo ukuba iHC yehla. ukusuka okanye ukuba imfuza yaseMzantsi Asia inokuba yavela ukusukela kwiHC.
I-DNA yomfazi wamandulo yahluke ngokukodwa. HC ancestry kukholelwa ukuba 13% DNA leyo diverged ukusuka okhokho eqhelekileyo kunye South-East Asian umzingeli-abaqokeleli (Andamanese) namafama (Dai) mhlawumbi 15 ukuba 20 kwiminyaka eyiwaka eyadlulayo; abanye 87% diverged ukusuka kukhokho efanayo Iranian abazingeli-abaqokeleli, abelusi kunye namafama mhlawumbi 10 ukuba 15 amawaka eminyaka eyadlulayo. Oku kuphakamisa ukuba iHC yayingeyiyo indibaniselwano yabantu baseMbindi baseAsiya, ama-Irani okanye abantu baseMesopotamiya abathe bangenisa ulwazi lwempucuko, kodwa endaweni yoko yayiliqela elahlukileyo. zofuzo yahlukana ixesha elide ngaphambi kokufika kweHC. Ngaphezu koko, ngenxa yokucetyiswa yemfuza Umahluko weHC, kubonakala ngathi akunakufane kwenzeke ukuba ulwimi kulo mmandla wejografi lwangeniswa kumazwe angaphandle liqela lase-Indo-European njengoko kudla ngokuba yingcingane. Okokugqibela, uphononongo lubonisa ukuba i-DNA yabemi beHC yayinegalelo elincinci ukusuka kuMbindi nakwiNtshona Asia kodwa yaba negalelo kuMzantsi Asia wanamhlanje. imfuza.
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umthombo:
Shinde V., Narasimhan V., okqhubekayo 2019. IGenome yeHarappan yaMandulo ayinaMveli ukusuka kuBalusi baseSteppe okanye amaFama aseIran. Iseli. Umqulu 179, ukukhutshwa 3, P729-735.E10, Okthobha 17, 2019. Ipapashwe: Septemba 05, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2019.08.048
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