Uphononongo olutsha lubonisa ukuba ii-artefacts ezimbini zentsimbi (i-hemisphere engenanto kunye nesongo) kwi-Treasure yaseVillena zenziwe kusetyenziswa intsimbi ye-extra-terrestrial meteoritic. Oku kucebisa ukuba iNdyebo yaveliswa kwiXesha leBronze laLate phambi kokuba ukuveliswa kwentsimbi esemhlabeni kuqale emva kwexesha kwi-Iron Age.
I-Treasure yaseVillena, iseti ekhethekileyo yamaqhekeza angama-66 eentsimbi ezahlukeneyo, ithathwa njengeyona nto ibalulekileyo yobutyebi bangaphambili eYurophu. I-Treasure yafunyanwa ngo-1963 kufuphi nesixeko saseVillena kwiphondo lase-Alicante eSpain kwaye iboniswe kwi-Archaeological Museum yaseJosé María Soler. Iintsalela zazifihlwe kwiminyaka engama-3,000 eyadlulayo kwaye zezexesha leBronze. Nangona kunjalo, ubukho beziqwenga ezibini zentsimbi zentsimbi (ihemisphere engenanto kunye nesacholo) kwi-Treasure kukhokelele abaninzi ukuba bahlise ubalo-maxesha ukuya kwiLate Bronze Age okanye i-Early Iron age. Umfumani wokuqala naye waye waqaphela 'imbonakalo yentsimbi' yezi ziqwenga zimbini. Ngenxa yoko, imfuneko yokuqinisekisa ukuchongwa kwentsimbi.
Kwacetywa ukuba kuhlalutywe ezi zinto zimbini “ngenkangeleko yentsimbi” ukufumanisa ukuba zenziwe ngentsimbi yasemhlabeni. Ukuba ifunyaniswe yenziwe ngentsimbi yasemhlabeni, ngoko ke iNdyebo kufuneka ibe yeBronze yasemva kwexesha okanye i-Iron Age yokuqala. Imvelaphi yeMeteoritic, kwelinye icala iya kuthetha umhla wangaphambili ngaphakathi kweBronzi eLate.
I-meteorite iron iyimvelaphi engaphaya komhlaba kwaye ifumaneka kwiintlobo ezithile zeemeteorites eziwela eMhlabeni zisuka ngaphandle. isithuba. Zenziwe nge-iron-nickel alloy (Fe-Ni) ene-nickel eguquguqukayo yokwakheka ehlala ingaphezulu kwe-5% kunye nezinye izinto ezincinci zokulandela ezifana ne-cobalt (Co). Uninzi lweemeteorite ze-Fe-Ni zine-Widsmanstätten microstructure enokuthi ibonwe ngemetallografi yesampulu yentsimbi entsha. Ukubunjwa kwentsimbi yomhlaba efunyenwe ekunciphiseni iiminerali ezifumaneka eMhlabeni, kwelinye icala, zahlukile. Ine-nickel encinci okanye akukho nto inokubonwa ngokuhlalutya. Umahluko ekubunjweni kunye ne-microstructure inokuphononongwa kwilabhoratri ukufumanisa ukuba nayiphi na intsimbi yenziwe ngentsimbi ye-meteoritic yangaphandle okanye i-iron yasemhlabeni.
Abaphandi bahlalutya iisampuli ezikhutshiweyo. Iziphumo zixhasa imbono yokuba amaqhekeza amabini entsimbi (oko kukuthi ikepusi kunye nesacholo) kwi-Treasure yaseVillena zenziwe ngentsimbi yemeteoritic kungoko ulandelelwano lweLate Bronze Age phambi kokuqala kokuveliswa kwentsimbi esemhlabeni. Nangona kunjalo, iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo ziyafuneka ukuze kuphuculwe inqanaba lokuqiniseka.
Ukusetyenziswa kwentsimbi ye-meteoritic kwi-Treasure yaseVillena ayiyodwa. I-meteoritic iron ifunyenwe kwi-artefacts evela kwezinye kwezinto zakudala iindawo kwi iYurophu njengakwintloko yotolo eMörigen (eSwitzerland).
***
Iingxelo:
- IBhunga lezoKhenketho. Ubuncwane baseVillena kunye noJosé María Soler Archaeological Museum. Ifumaneka e https://turismovillena.com/portfolio/treasure-of-villena-and-archaeological-museum-jose-maria-soler/?lang=en
- Rovira-Llorens, S. ., Renzi, M., & Montero Ruiz, I. (2023). Intsimbi yeMeteoritic kwiVillena Treasure ?. Trabajos De Prehistoria, 80 (2), e19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3989/tp.2023.12333
***
