IHomo sapiens okanye umntu wale mihla wavela kwiminyaka engama-200,000 eyadlulayo eMpuma Afrika kufutshane ne-Ethiopia yanamhlanje. Bahlala eAfrika ixesha elide. Malunga neminyaka engama-55,000 eyadlulayo basasazeka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi kuquka ne-Eurasia baza baqhubeka belawula ihlabathi ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
Obona bungqina budala bobukho bomntu kwi iYurophu yafunyanwa kwi Umqolomba weBacho Kiro, eBulgaria. Ukuhlala komntu kule ndawo kwakuneminyaka engama-47,000 ubudala H. sapiens yayifikelele kwiMpuma Yurophu kwiminyaka engama-47,000 XNUMX ngaphambi koku.
I-Eurasia, nangona kunjalo yayililizwe le-neanderthals (ihomo neanderthalensis), uhlobo olwaphelayo lwabantu bamandulo ababehlala kuyo iYurophu kunye neAsia phakathi kweminyaka engama-400,000 ngaphambili ukuya kutsho kwiminyaka engama-40,000 ngaphambi koku. Babenobuchule bokwenza izixhobo kunye nokuzingela. I-H. sapiens ayizange ivele kwi-neanderthals. Kunoko, bobabini babezizalamane ezisondeleyo. Njengoko kubonisiwe kwiirekhodi zefosili, i-neanderthals yahluke ngokuphawulekayo kwi-Homo sapiens ngokwemvelo kukhakhayi, amathambo endlebe kunye ne-pelvis. Ezangaphambili zazimfutshane ngobude, zinemizimba eyomileyo kwaye zinebranti ezinzima kunye neempumlo ezinkulu. Ke ngoko, ngokusekwe kumahluko obalulekileyo weempawu zomzimba, i-neanderthals kunye ne-homo sapiens ngokwesiko zithathwa njengeentlobo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, H. neanderthalensis kwaye H. sapiens yadityaniswa ngaphandle kweAfrika xa kamva yadibana neanderthals e-Eurasia emva kokushiya iAfrika. Abemi bangoku abantu ookhokho babo ababehlala ngaphandle kweAfrika bane-2% ye-neanderthal DNA kwigenome yabo. Izinyanya zeNeanderthal zifumaneka kubemi banamhlanje baseAfrika mhlawumbi ngenxa yokufuduka AbaseYurophu eAfrika kule minyaka ingama-20,000 XNUMX idlulileyo.
Ubukho kunye neanderthals kunye H. sapiens kwi iYurophu kuye kwaxoxwa. Abanye babecinga ukuba i-neanderthals yanyamalala kumntla-ntshona iYurophu ngaphambi kokufika kwe-H. sapiens. Ngokusekelwe kuphando lwezixhobo zamatye kunye neziqwenga ze-skeletal ezihlala kwindawo, kwakungenakwenzeka ukufumanisa ukuba amanqanaba athile agrunjiweyo kwiindawo ze-archaeological adibaniswa ne-Neanderthals okanye i-H. sapiens. Emva kokufikelela iYurophu, wenze H. sapiens ukuhlala ecaleni (neanderthals) phambi kokuba i-neanderthals ijongane nokuphela?
I-Lincombian–Ranisian–Jerzmanowician (LRJ) ishishini lesixhobo samatye kwindawo ye-archaeological e-Ilsenhöhle e-Ranis, eJamani yimeko enomdla. Akunabungqina obucacileyo bokuba le sayithi inxulunyaniswe ne-neanderthals okanye i-H. sapiens.
Kwizifundo ezipapashwe kutshanje, abaphandi bakhuphe i DNA yamandulo ukusuka kumaqhekeza amathambo avela kwesi siza kunye nohlalutyo lwe-mitochondrial DNA kunye nokuthandana ngokuthe ngqo kweradiocarbon yentsalela efunyenweyo ukuba iintsalela zezabantu bale mihla kwaye zazimalunga ne-45,000 yeminyaka ubudala nto leyo eyenza ukuba i-H. sapiens yokuqala ihlale eMntla. iYurophu.
Uphononongo lubonise ukuba iiHomo sapiens zazikhona kumbindi kunye nomntla-ntshona iYurophu kwakudala ngaphambi kokutshabalala kweeNeanderthals kumazantsi-ntshona iYurophu kwaye yabonisa ukuba zombini ezi ntlobo zaphila kunye eYurophu ngexesha lotshintsho malunga neminyaka eyi-15,000. I-H. sapiens e-LRJ yayingamaqela amancinane oovulindlela abadityaniswe nabantu abaninzi base-H. sapiens empuma nakumbindi Yurophu. Kwafunyaniswa ukuba malunga neminyaka engama-45,000-43,000 eyadlulayo, imozulu ebandayo yayigquba kuzo zonke iziza zase-Ilsenhöhle kwaye yayinendawo ebandayo. ulungiselelo. Amathambo omntu abhalwe ngokuthe ngqo kwisiza acebisa ukuba i-H. sapiens ingasebenzisa isiza kwaye isebenze ngaloo ndlela ibonisa ukukwazi ukuziqhelanisa neemeko zengqele ezimandundu.
Uphononongo lubalulekile kuba luchonga ukusasazeka kwangoko kwe-H. sapiens ukuya kumanqwanqwa abandayo emantla iYurophu Kwiminyaka engama-45,000 eyadlulayo. Abantu babekwazi ukuziqhelanisa neemeko ezibandayo baze basebenze njengamaqela amancinane ahambahambayo oovulindlela.
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Iingxelo:
- Mylopotamitaki, D., Weiss, M., Fewlass, H. okqhubekayo. IiHomo sapiens zafikelela kwiindawo eziphezulu zaseYurophu kwiminyaka engama-45,000 eyadlulayo. Indalo 626, 341-346 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06923-7
- Pederzani, S., Britton, K., Trost, M. okqhubekayo. Iisotophu ezizinzileyo zibonisa ukuba iHomo sapiens isasazeke kwindawo ebandayo ~iminyaka engama-45,000 eyadlulayo e-Ilsenhöhle eRanis, eJamani. Nat Ecol Evol(2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-023-02318-z
- Smith, GM, Ruebens, K., Zavala, EI okqhubekayo. I-ikholoji, ukutya kunye nokutya kwe-~45,000 yeminyaka ubudala i-Homo sapiens e-Ilsenhöhle e-Ranis, eJamani. Nat Ecol Evol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-023-02303-6
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