Uvavanyo lwe-KATRIN olugunyaziswe ukukala i-neutrinos lubhengeze uqikelelo oluchanekileyo lomda ongaphezulu Bunzima - neutrinos ubunzima kuninzi lwe-0.8 eV, oko kukuthi, i-neutrinos ilula kune-0.8 eV (1 eV = 1.782 x 10-36 kg).
Neutrinos (ngokoqobo, abancinci abangathathi hlangothi) ngawona masuntswana asisininzi asisiseko kwi yonke. Baphantse baba kwindawo zonke, ngaphakathi Galaxy, elangeni, kuzo zonke isithuba ngeenxa zonke kuthi. Izigidi ngezigidi ze-neutrinos zidlula emizimbeni yethu rhoqo ngomzuzwana ngaphandle kokunxibelelana nelinye isuntswana.
Baqala bayi-10-4 imizuzwana emva kokuba big bang malunga 13.8 billion kwiminyaka eyadlulayo kwaye wadlala indima ebalulekileyo kwindaleko yonke. Zithi gqolo ziyilwe kwisixa esikhulu kwindibaniselwano yenyukliya kwintshukumo ezinkwenkwezini kubandakanywa elangeni, kwizixhobo zenyukliya ezisemhlabeni kunye nokubola kwemitha yemitha. Zikwabalulekile kwinkqubo ye-supernova kumjikelo wobomi beenkwenkwezi kwaye zibonelela ngemiqondiso yokuqala yokuqhuma kwe-supernova. Kwinqanaba le-subatomic, neutrinos bonelela ngesixhobo sokufunda ubume beenucleons. Neutrinos inokunceda ekuchazeni i-matter-antimatter asymmetry.
Nangona zonke ezi zinto zibalulekile, kuninzi okungaziwayo malunga nayo neutrinos. Asazi ukuba zidibana njani namanye amasuntswana. Ngokufanayo, ukususela ekufunyanweni kwe-neutrino oscillations, kuyaziwa ukuba i-neutrinos ayinayo i-non-zero. Bunzima. Siyazi ukuba i-neutrinos incinci kakhulu Bunzima kwaye zezona zikhaphukhaphu kuwo onke amasuntswana aziziqalelo kodwa ubunzima bawo obuchanekileyo ayikamiselwa. Ukuqonda ngcono i yonke, kubalulekile ukuba ubunzima be<em>neutrinos bulinganiswe ngokuchanekileyo.
I-KARLSruhe TRItium Neutrino Experiment (KATRIN) eKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), umsebenzi wentsebenziswano wamazwe amathandathu unikezelwe kumlinganiselo wobunzima be-neutrino ngokuchaneka kwe-sub-eV.
Ngo-2019, uvavanyo lwe-KATRIN lwabhengeza ukuba i-neutrinos inobunzima obukhulu kwi-1.1 eV eyayiluphuculo oluphindwe kabini kwimilinganiselo yangaphambili ye-2 eV.
I-1 eV okanye i-electron volt ngamandla azuzwe yi-electron xa amandla ombane kwi-electron enyuka nge-volt enye kwaye alingana ne-1.602 × 10-19 joule. Kwinqanaba le-subatomic, kulungele ukuvakalisa ubunzima ngokwamandla alandela i-symmetry ye-mass-energy njenge-E=mc nganye.2 ; 1 eV = 1.782 x 10-36 kg.
Nge-14 kaFebruwari 2022, i-KATRIN Collaboration yabhengeza umlinganiselo wobunzima be-neutrinos ngokuchaneka ngendlela engazange ibonwe ngaphambili eveza ii-neutrinos zikhaphukhaphu kune-0.8 eV ngoko ke zophula umqobo o-1 we-eV kwi-neutrino physics.
Iqela lophando lijolise ukuqhubeka nemilinganiselo eyongezelelweyo yobunzima be-neutrino kude kube sekupheleni kuka-2024. Ukususela kwi-2025, ngoncedo lwenkqubo entsha ye-TRISTAN detector, uvavanyo lwe-KATRIN luya kuqalisa ukukhangela i-neutrinos eyinyumba. Ngobunzima kuluhlu lwe-KeV, ii-neutrinos ezingenazintsholongwane ziya kuba ngabagqatswa bomcimbi omnyama ongaqondakaliyo.
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Imithombo:
- Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino Experiment (KATRIN). Ifumaneka e https://www.katrin.kit.edu/
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT). Ukukhutshwa kweCofa ngo-012/2022 - iiNeutrinos ziKhaphukhaphu kune-0.8 ye-Electron Volts. Ithunyelwe nge-14 kuFebruwari 2022. Ifumaneka apha https://www.kit.edu/kit/english/pi_2022_neutrinos-are-lighter-than-0-8-electron-volts.php
- Intsebenziswano KATRIN. Umlinganiselo othe ngqo we-neutrino-mass nge-sub-electronvolt sensitivity. Nat. I-Phys. 18, 160-166 (2022). Ipapashwe: 14 February 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-021-01463-1
