Ukufunyanwa kokuQala kwe-Oxygen 28 kunye nemodeli eqhelekileyo yeqokobhe lenyukliya   

Ioksijini-28 (²⁸O), eyona isotopu inqabileyo yeoksijini iye yabhaqwa okokuqala ngabaphandi baseJapan. Ngokungalindelekanga, kwafunyaniswa ukuba iphila ixesha elifutshane kwaye ingazinzanga nangona idibana nenani “lomlingo” nyukliya uzinzo.  

Oxygen ine-isotopes ezininzi; zonke 8 protons (Z) kwi nuclei zabo kodwa ziyahluka ngokumalunga nenani neutron (N). I-isotophu ezinzile ¹⁶O, ¹⁷O kwaye ¹⁸O abane-8, 9 kunye ne-10 ye-neutron kwi-nuclei yabo ngokulandelelana. Kwi-isotopes ezintathu ezizinzileyo, ¹⁶I-O ininzi kakhulu ibandakanya malunga ne-99.74% yayo yonke i-oxygen efunyenwe kwindalo. 

Ifunyenwe kutshanje ²⁸O isotope has 8 protons (Z = 8) kunye neutron 20 (N = 20). Kwakulindeleke ukuba izinzile ngenxa yokuba ihlangabezana nemfuneko yenombolo "yomlingo" malunga neeproton zombini kunye neutrons (umlingo ophindwe kabini) kodwa yafunyanwa ixesha elifutshane kwaye libole ngokukhawuleza.  

Yintoni eyenza i-nucleus yeathom izinze? Ingaba iiprotons kunye neeneutron ezichajiwe kakuhle zibanjwe kunye kwinucleus yeatom?  

Ngaphantsi komgangatho weqokobhe-imodeli ye nyukliya Ulwakhiwo, iiprotoni kunye ne-neutron kucingelwa ukuba zihlala amaqokobhe. Kukho umda welona nani lifanelekileyo leenucleons (iiproton okanye iinucleon) ezinokuhlaliswa “kwiqokobhe” elinikiweyo. Ii-nuclei zixinene kwaye zizinzile ngakumbi xa "iigobolondo" zizaliswe ngokupheleleyo "ngamanani athile" eeproton okanye i-neutron. La “manani athile” abizwa ngokuba ngamanani “omlingo”.  

Ngoku, ama-2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82, kunye ne-126 ngokuqhelekileyo agqalwa njengamanani “omlingo”. 

Xa zombini inani leprotons (Z) kunye nenani le-neutron (N) kwi-nucleus elingana namanani "omlingo", ithathwa njengemeko yomlingo "ngokuphindwe kabini" ehambelana nokuzinza. nyukliya isakhiwo. Umzekelo, ¹⁶O, eyona isotopu izinzile kwaye ininzi kakhulu yeoksijini ine-Z=8 kunye ne-N=8 ezingamanani "omlingo" kunye netyala lomlingo ophindwe kabini. Ngokufanayo, i-isotope esanda kufunyanwa ²⁸U-O uno-Z=8 kunye no-N=20 angamanani omlingo. Ngenxa yoko, i-Oxygen-28 yayilindeleke ukuba izinzile kodwa ifunyenwe ingazinzile kwaye iphila ixesha elifutshane kuvavanyo (nangona oku kufunyaniswayo kovavanyo kuseza kuqinisekiswa kwiimvavanyo eziphindaphindiweyo kwezinye izicwangciso).  

Ngaphambili, i-32 yacetyiswa ukuba ibe yinombolo entsha ye-neutron yomlingo kodwa ayizange ifunyanwe njengenombolo yomlingo kwii-isotopes ze-potassium. 

Iqokobhe elisemgangathweni-imodeli ye nyukliya Ulwakhiwo, ithiyori yangoku echaza indlela ii-nuclei zeatom ezakhiwe ngayo zibonakala zingonelanga ubuncinci kwimeko ²⁸O isotope.  

Iinucleon (iiprotons kunye neeneutron) zibanjelwe kunye kwinucleus ngamandla anamandla enyukliya. Ukuqondwa kozinzo lwenyukliya kunye nendlela iziqalelo ezenziwe ngayo kulele ekuphuhliseni ukuqonda ngcono la mandla asisiseko.  

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Iingxelo:  

1. Tokyo Institute of Technology. Iindaba zoPhando - Ukuphonononga ukukhanya kwe-Neutron-Rich Nuclei: Ukuqwalaselwa kokuQala kwe-Oxygen-28. Ipapashwe: Agasti 31, 2023. Ifumaneka e https://www.titech.ac.jp/english/news/2023/067383  

2. Kondo, Y., Achouri, NL, Falou, HA okqhubekayo. Uqwalaselo lokuqala lwe ²⁸O. indalo 620, 965-970 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06352-6 

3. US Department of Energy 2021. Iindaba - Umlingo uhambile kwiNeutron Number 32. Ifumaneka kwa https://www.energy.gov/science/np/articles/magic-gone-neutron-number-32  

4. Koszorús, Á., Yang, XF, Jiang, WG okqhubekayo. Shaja iradio yee-isotopes ze-potassium ezingaqhelekanga zicela umngeni kwithiyori yenyukliya kunye nophawu lomlingo N = 32. Nat. I-Phys. 17, 439-443 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-020-01136-5 

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