IBig Bang yavelisa izixa ezilinganayo zematha kunye ne-antimatter ebekufanele ukuba zitshabalalisane zishiya ngasemva indalo engenanto. Nangona kunjalo, i-matter yasinda kwaye ilawula indalo yonke ngelixa i-antimatter yanyamalala. Kucingelwa ukuba umahluko ongaziwayo kwiipropati ezisisiseko phakathi kwamaqhekeza kunye ne-antiparticles ehambelanayo inokuba noxanduva loku. Imilinganiselo echanekileyo ephezulu yeepropathi ezisisiseko ze-antiprotons zinokubanakho ukutyebisa ukuqonda kwe-matter-antimatter asymmetry. Ifuna unikezelo lwe-antiprotons. Okwangoku, iCERN's Antiproton Decelerator (AD) kuphela kwendawo apho ii-antiprotons ziveliswa kwaye zigcinwe khona. Akunakwenzeka ukwenza izifundo ezichanekileyo eziphezulu ze-antiprotons kufuphi ne-AD ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwemagnethi okwenziwa zi-accelerators. Ke ngoko, ukuthutha ii-antiprotons ukusuka kweli ziko ukuya kwezinye iilabhoratri kunyanzelekile. Okwangoku, akukho teknoloji ifanelekileyo yokwenza oko. I-BASE-STEP linyathelo eliya phambili kweli cala. Sisixhobo esibumbene ngokwentelekiso esiyilelwe ukugcina nokuthutha ii-antiprotons ukusuka kwiziko le-CERN ukuya kwiilabhoratri ezikwezinye iindawo kuphononongo oluchanekileyo oluphezulu lwe-antimatter. Nge-24 ka-Okthobha ka-2024, i-BASE-STEP iqhube umboniso oyimpumelelo wetekhnoloji isebenzisa iiproton ezibanjiweyo njengendawo yokuma kwii-antiprotons. Yayithutha ilifu leeproton ezingama-70 ekuhlaleni ngelori. Lo ibingumzekelo wokuqala wokuthuthwa kwamasuntswana akhululekileyo kumgibe onokusetyenziswa kwakhona kunye nelitye lokunyathela elibalulekileyo elibhekiselele ekudalweni kwenkonzo yokuhanjiswa kwe-antiproton kwimifuniselo kwezinye iilabhoratri. Ngolunye uhlengahlengiso kwiinkqubo, ii-antiprotons zicwangciswe ukuba zithuthwe ngo-2025.
Ekuqaleni, i-Big Bang yavelisa izixa ezilinganayo zezinto kunye ne-antimatter. Zombini ziyafana kwiipropathi, nje ngokuba zineentlawulo ezichaseneyo, kwaye amaxesha azo omagnetic aguqulwa.
Umcimbi kunye ne-antimatter bekufanele ukuba ibhubhise ngokukhawuleza ishiya ngasemva indalo engenanto nangona oko akuzange kwenzeke. Indalo yonke ngoku ilawulwa yinto yonke ngelixa i-antimatter yanyamalala. Oku kucingelwa ukuba kukho umahluko ongaziwayo phakathi kwamasuntswana asisiseko kunye ne-antiparticles ehambelana nawo ekusenokwenzeka ukuba kukhokelele ekusindeni kombandela ngelixa i-antimatter yapheliswa ikhokelela kwi-asymmetry ye-matter-antimatter.
Ngokutsho kwe-CPT (Intlawulo, i-Parity, kunye ne-Time reversal) i-symmetry, eyingxenye ye-Standard Model ye-particle physics, iipropathi ezisisiseko zeengqungquthela kufuneka zilingane kwaye zichasene nenye ye-antiparticles ehambelanayo. Imilinganiselo yovavanyo oluchanekileyo oluphezulu lweeyantlukwano kwiimpawu ezisisiseko (ezifana nobuninzi, iintlawulo, ixesha lokuphila okanye umzuzu wamagnetic) wamasuntswana kunye ne-antiparticles ehambelana nayo inokuba luncedo ekuqondeni i-asymmetry ye-antimatter. Lo ngumxholo we CERN's Baryon I-Antibaryon Symmetry Experiment (BASE).
Uvavanyo lwe-BASE lwenzelwe ukuphanda iProton Antiproton Symmetry ngokwenza imilinganiselo echanekileyo ephezulu yeempawu (ezifana nomzuzu wangaphakathi wemagnethi) we-antiprotons ngokuchaneka kweqhezu ngokulandelelana kwenxalenye-ngebhiliyoni nganye. Isinyathelo esilandelayo kukuthelekisa le milinganiselo kunye namaxabiso ahambelanayo kwiiprotons. Ngomzuzu wangaphakathi wemagnethi, yonke inkqubo isekwe kwimilinganiselo yeLarmor frequency kunye ne-cyclotron frequency.
Okwangoku, iCERN's Antiproton Decelerator (AD) kuphela kwendawo apho ii-antiprotons zenziwa rhoqo kwaye zigcinwe. Ezi antiprotons kufuneka zifundwe apha kwiziko le-CERN, nangona kunjalo, ukuguquguquka kommandla wemagnethi okwenziwa sisantya kwisiza kunqanda ukuchaneka kwemilinganiselo yeempawu ze-antiproton. Yiyo loo nto, imfuneko yokuthutha ii-antiprotons eziveliswe e-AD kwiilabhoratri kwezinye iindawo. Kodwa i-antimatter akukho lula ukujongana nayo njengoko itshabalalisa ngokukhawuleza xa idibana nomcimbi. Okwangoku, akukho teknoloji ifanelekileyo yokuthutha ii-antiprotons ukuya kwiilabhoratri kwezinye iindawo ukuze abaphandi baqhube izifundo ezichanekileyo. ISINYATHELO SESISEKO (IiMvavanyo zeSymmetry kwiiMvavanyo ezine-antiproton eziphathwayo) linyathelo eliya phambili kweli cala.
I-BASE-STEP sisixhobo esibumbene ngokwentelekiso esiyilelwe ukugcina nokuthutha ii-antiprotons ukusuka kwiziko le-CERN ukuya kwiilabhoratri ezikwezinye iindawo zophononongo oluchanekileyo oluphezulu lwe-antimatter. Yiprojekthi ephantsi ye-BASE, inobunzima obumalunga netoni kwaye incinci ngokuphindwe kahlanu kunomfuniselo wokuqala we-BSE.
Nge-24 ka-Okthobha ka-2024, i-BASE-STEP iqhube umboniso oyimpumelelo wetekhnoloji isebenzisa iiproton ezibanjiweyo njengendawo yokuma kwii-antiprotons. Yayithutha ilifu leeproton ezingama-70 ekuhlaleni ngelori. Lo ibingumzekelo wokuqala wokuthuthwa kwamasuntswana akhululekileyo kumgibe onokusetyenziswa kwakhona kunye nelitye elibalulekileyo lokunyathela ukuya ekudalweni kwenkonzo ye-antiproton-delivery kwimifuniselo kwezinye iilabhoratri. Ngokuphuculwa okuthile kwiinkqubo, ukuthuthwa kwe-antiproton kucwangciswe ngo-2025.
I-PUMA (i-AntiProton Unstable Matter Annihilation) lolunye uvavanyo lwendalo efanayo kodwa lujolise kwiinjongo ezahlukeneyo. Njenge-BASE-STEP, i-PUMA ikwabandakanya ukulungiswa komgibe onokuthuthwa ukuhambisa ii-antiprotons ukusuka kwiholo ye-CERN ye-Antiproton Decelerator (AD) ukuya kwiziko layo le-ISOLDE ukuze isetyenziswe kuphononongo lweziganeko ezingaqhelekanga zefiziksi yenyukliya.
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Iingxelo:
- I-CERN. Iindaba-Uvavanyo lwe-BASE luthatha inyathelo elikhulu ukuya kwi-antimatter ephathekayo. Ithunyelwe nge-25 Okthobha 2024. Iyafumaneka e https://home.cern/news/news/experiments/base-experiment-takes-big-step-towards-portable-antimatter
- I-CERN. Ingxelo yoYilo lobuGcisa be-BASE-STEP. https://cds.cern.ch/record/2756508/files/SPSC-TDR-007.pdf
- Smorra C., et al 2023. ISINYATHELO-ESISISEKO: Indawo yokugcina i-antiproton enokuthuthwa kwizifundo zonxibelelwano olusisiseko. Umfundisi Sci. Instrum. 94, 113201. 16 Novemba 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0155492
- Aumann, T., Bartmann, W., Boine-Frankenheim, O. et al. I-PUMA, i-antiProton yokutshatyalaliswa kwezinto ezingazinzanga. I-eur. I-Phys. J. A 58, 88 (2022). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1140/epja/s10050-022-00713-x
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Amanqaku afanelekileyo
- Kutheni 'Into' iLawula Indalo iphela kungekhona 'i-Antimatter'? Kwiphulo Lokuba Kutheni Indalo Ikho (18 April 2020)
- Ukutyhila iMfihlakalo yeMatter-Antimatter Asymmetry yeNdalo yonke kunye neNeutrino Oscillation Experiments (1 Meyi 2020)
- Izinto ezingqubanayo zesuntswana zophononongo lwe "Indalo yamandulo kakhulu": I-Muon collider ibonisiwe (31 Okthobha 2024)
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