Abaphandi base-CERN baphumelele ukujonga ukubanjiswa kwe-quantum phakathi kwe "quarks eziphezulu" kunye namandla aphezulu. Oku kwaxelwa okokuqala ngoSeptemba ka-2023 kwaye oko kwaqinisekiswa ngoqwalaselo lokuqala nolwesibini. Izibini "ze-quarks eziphezulu" eziveliswe kwi-Large Hadron Collider (LHC) zisetyenziswe njengenkqubo entsha yokufunda ukudibanisa.
"I-quarks eziphezulu" zezona zinto zinzima kakhulu. Zikhawuleza zibole zidlulisela ijikelezo layo kumasuntswana awo abolayo. I-quark's spin orientation ephezulu ithathwa kuqwalaselo lweemveliso ezibolileyo.
Iqela lophando liye laqaphela ukubanjiswa kwe-quantum phakathi kwe-"quark ephezulu" kunye ne-antimatter counterpart kumandla e-13 teraelectronvolts (1 TeV=1012 eV). Oku kukuqala kokuqwalaselwa kokuphonswa kwipere ye-quarks (i-quark ephezulu kunye ne-antitop quark) kunye neyona mbono iphezulu yamandla e-entanglement ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.
I-Quantum entanglement kumandla aphezulu ihleli ingakaphononongwa. Olu phuhliso luvula indlela yezifundo ezitsha.
Kwi-quantum entangled particles, imeko ye-particle enye ixhomekeke kwabanye kungakhathaliseki ukuba umgama kunye nophakathi uyahlula. Imeko ye-quantum ye-particle ayinakuchazwa ngokuzimeleyo kwimeko yabanye kwiqela leengqungquthela ezidibeneyo. Naluphi na utshintsho kwenye, luchaphazela abanye. Umzekelo, iperi ye-electron kunye ne-positron ephuma ekuboleni kwe-pi meson zibopheleleke. Izijikelezo zazo kufuneka zidibanise ukuya kwi-spin ye-pi meson kungoko ngokwazi ukujikeleza kwesuntswana elinye, siyazi malunga nokujikeleza kwelinye isuntswana.
Ngo-2022, iBhaso leNobel kwiFiziksi lanikezelwa ku-Alain Aspect, uJohn F. Clauser kunye no-Anton Zeilinger ngenxa yovavanyo lweefotoni ezibambekayo.
I-Quantum entanglement ibonwe kwiinkqubo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Ifumene izicelo kwi-cryptography, metrology, ulwazi lwe-quantum kunye ne-quantum computation.
***
Iingxelo:
- I-CERN. Ukukhutshwa kweendaba-Uvavanyo lwe-LHC kwi-CERN lujonga ukubanjiswa kwe-quantum kumandla aphezulu okwangoku. Ipapashwe nge-18 Septemba 2024. Ifumaneka e https://home.cern/news/press-release/physics/lhc-experiments-cern-observe-quantum-entanglement-highest-energy-yet
- Ukusebenzisana kwe-ATLAS. Ukuqwalaselwa kwe-quantum entanglement kunye ne-quarks ephezulu kwi-ATLAS detector. Indalo 633, 542-547 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07824-z
***
| AMANQAKU ESISISEKO – Ukujonga ngokukhawuleza |
| Amasuntswana asisiseko ahlelwa abe Fermions kunye Bosons ngokusekelwe spin. |
| [AT]. I-FERMIONS inesiqingatha esisiqingatha samanani apheleleyo (½, 3/2, 5/2, ....). Zezi amasuntswana omcimbi equka zonke iiquarks kunye neeleptons. -landela izibalo zeFermi-Dirac, – ube nesiqingatha-odd-integer spin -thobela umgaqo kaPauli wokukhutshelwa ngaphandle, oko kukuthi, iifermions ezimbini ezifanayo azikwazi ukuhlala kwindawo efanayo ye-quantum okanye indawo efanayo kwisithuba kunye nenani le-quantum efanayo. Azinakujikeleza zombini kwicala elinye, kodwa zinokujikeleza zisiya kwicala elichaseneyo  Iifermions ziquka zonke iiquarks kunye neeleptons, kunye nawo onke amasuntswana adibeneyo enziwe ngenani elingaqhelekanga kwezi. - Iiquarks = iiquarks ezintandathu (phezulu, ezantsi, engaqhelekanga, umtsalane, ezantsi naphezulu quarks). – Dibanisa ukwenza iihadroni ezinjengeeproton kunye neeneutron. -Ayinakubonwa ngaphandle kweehadrons. – iiLeptons = iielectron + muons + tau + neutrino + muon neutrino + tau neutrino. - 'Ii-Electron', 'ii-quarks eziphezulu' kunye 'ne-down quarks' ezona zinto zintathu zisisiseko sayo yonke into kwindalo iphela. -Iiprotoni kunye ne-neutron aziyosiseko kodwa zenziwe 'zii-quarks' kunye 'neequarks' kungoko amasuntswana adibeneyo. Iiprotons kunye ne-neutron nganye yenziwe ngeequarks ezintathu - iproton ineequark ezimbini "phezulu" kunye nequark enye "ezantsi" ngelixa i-neutron iqulethe ezimbini" phantsi" kunye nenye "phezulu." “Phakamisa” kunye “nophantsi” “ziiNcasa” ezimbini, okanye iindidi, zeequarks. - Iibhayoni ziifermions ezidityanisiweyo ezenziwe ngeequarks ezintathu, umz. - IiHadrons zenziwe ngeequarks kuphela, umzekelo, iibhariyoni ziihadroni. |
| [B]. I-BOSONS ijikelezwe kumaxabiso apheleleyo (0, 1, 2, 3, ....) – IiBosons zilandela izibalo zeBose-Einstein; ube nenani elipheleleyo. – ebizwa ngegama Satyendra Nath Bose (1894-1974), owathi, kunye no-Einstein, baphuhlisa iingcamango eziphambili emva kwezibalo ze-thermodynamics yegesi ye-boson. - ungathobeli umgaqo we-Pauli wokukhutshelwa, oko kukuthi, iibhobho ezimbini ezifanayo zingahlala kwi-quantum state okanye indawo efanayo kwi-space kunye nenani elifanayo le-quantum. Zombini zinokujikeleza kwicala elinye, -Iziboniso zokuqala yifoton, igluon, iZ boson, iW boson kunye neHiggs boson. I-Higgs boson ine-spin=0 ngelixa i-gauge bosons (oko kukuthi, i-photon, i-gluon, i-Z boson, kunye ne-W boson) ine-spin=1. -Amacandelo adibeneyo anokuba yi-bosons okanye i-fermions ngokuxhomekeke kumalungu abo. – Onke amasuntswana adibeneyo enziwe inani elilinganayo le-fermions yi-boson (kuba i-bosons ine-integer spin kunye ne-fermions ine-odd half-integer spin). – Onke ama-mesons azizibhoxo (kuba zonke miisons zenziwe ngenani elilinganayo le-quarks kunye ne-antiquarks). Ii-nuclei ezizinzileyo ezinamanani alinganayo zibosons umz., deuterium, helium-4, Carbon -12 njl. – Iibhosoni ezidibeneyo aziwuthobeli umgaqo wokukhutshelwa ecaleni kukaPauli. -Amaqela amaninzi kwi-quantum state coalesce ukwenza "I-Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC).” |
***
