Iinjineli zakha eyona gyroscope incinci yehlabathi iva ukukhanya enokuthi idityaniswe lula kobona buchwepheshe buphathwayo bale mihla.
Iigyroscopes zixhaphakile kubo bonke ubuchwephesha esibusebenzisayo kumaxesha anamhlanje. Iigyroscopes zisetyenziswa kwizithuthi, iidrones kunye nezixhobo zombane ezifana neemobiles kunye nezinto ezinxitywayo njengoko zinceda ukwazi ukujongwa okuchanekileyo kwesixhobo kwindawo ene-3-dimensional (XNUMXD). Ekuqaleni, igyroscope sisixhobo sevili esinceda ivili ukuba lijikeleze ngokukhawuleza kwi-axis kumacala ahlukeneyo. Umgangatho ngamehlo igyroscope iqulethe i-spooled optical fiber ethwele ukukhanya kwe-pulse laser. Oku kuqhuba ngokwewotshi okanye kwicala elichasene newotshi. Ngokwahlukileyo, ii-gyroscopes zanamhlanje zizinzwa, umzekelo kwiifowuni eziphathwayo kukho i-microelectromechanical sensor (MEMS) ekhoyo. Ezi zoluvo zilinganisa amandla asebenza kumaziko amabini obunzima obufanayo kodwa ahexayo kumacala amabini awohlukeneyo.
Isiphumo seSagnac
Abenzi boluvo nangona ngoku basetyenziswa ngokubanzi banovakalelo olulinganiselweyo kwaye ke iigyroscopes zamehlo ziyafuneka. Umahluko obalulekileyo kukuba iigyroscopes zamehlo ziyakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi ofanayo kodwa ngaphandle kwamalungu ashukumayo kunye nokuchaneka ngakumbi. Oku kufezekiswa ngesiphumo se-Sagnac, isenzeko samehlo esebenzisa ithiyori ka-Einstein yokuzalana ngokubanzi ukubona utshintsho kwisantya se-angular. Ngexesha lesiphumo se-Sagnac, umqa wokukhanya welaser uyaqhekeka ube yimiqadi emibini ezimeleyo ethi ngoku ihambe ngendlela echaseneyo kwindlela engqukuva ekugqibeleni idibane kwisixhobo esinye sokukhanya. Oku kwenzeka kuphela ukuba isixhobo simile kwaye ubukhulu becala kuba ukukhanya kuhamba ngesantya esingaguqukiyo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba isixhobo siyajikeleza, indlela yokukhanya nayo iyajikeleziswa ibangela ukuba imiqadi emibini eyahlukeneyo ifikelele kwisixhobo sokukhanya ngexesha elahlukileyo. Olu tshintsho lwesigaba lubizwa ngokuba yi-Sagnac effect kwaye lo mahluko kwi-synchronization ulinganiswa ne-gyroscope kwaye isetyenziselwa ukubala i-orientation.
Umphumo we-Sagnac unomdla kakhulu kwingxolo kwisignali kunye nayiphi na ingxolo ejikelezileyo njengokuguquguquka okuncinci kwe-thermal okanye ukuxubha kunokuphazamisa imiqadi njengoko ihamba. Kwaye ukuba i-gyroscope inobungakanani obuncinci kakhulu ngoko ithanda ukuphazamiseka. Iigyroscopes zamehlo ngokucacileyo zisebenza ngakumbi kodwa kusengumceli mngeni ukunciphisa i-gyroscopes optical okt ukunciphisa ubungakanani bazo, kuba njengoko zisiba ncinci umqondiso ogqithiselwa kwi-sensors zabo nawo uye ube buthathaka kwaye ulahleke kwingxolo eveliswa ngabo bonke abasasazekileyo. ukukhanya. Oku kubangela ukuba i-gyroscope ibe nzima ngakumbi ekubhaqeni intshukumo. Lo mzekelo uthintele uyilo lweegyroscopes ezincinci zamehlo. Eyona gyroscope incinci idlala kakuhle ilingana nebhola yegalufa kwaye ayizifanelanga izixhobo ezincinci eziphathwayo.
Uyilo olutsha lwegyroscope encinci
Abaphandi kwiZiko letekhnoloji yaseCalifornia e-USA baye bayila i-gyroscope ebonakalayo enengxolo ephantsi kakhulu esebenzisa i-laser endaweni ye-MEMS sensors kwaye ifumana iziphumo ezilinganayo. Uphononongo lwabo lupapashwa kwi Iifoto zeNdalo. Bathatha i-silicon chip encinci ye-2-square-mm kwaye bafaka itshaneli kuyo ukukhokela ukukhanya. Eli jelo linceda ukukhokela ukukhanya ukuhamba macala onke okujikeleza isangqa. Iinjineli zaphelisa ingxolo ephindaphindanayo ngokwandisa indlela yelaser ngokusebenzisa iidiski ezimbini. Njengoko umendo womqadi usiba nde, ubungakanani bengxolo bulungelelaniswa kukhokelela kumlinganiselo ochanekileyo xa imiqadi emibini idibana. Oku kuvumela ukusetyenziswa kwesixhobo esincinci kodwa sigcine iziphumo ezichanekileyo. Isixhobo sikwabuyisela umva icala ekuya ngakulo isibane ukuncedisa ekurhoxisweni kwengxolo. Le nzwa ye-gyro entsha ibizwa ngokuba yi-XV-35000CB. Umsebenzi ophuculweyo uphunyezwe ngendlela 'yokuphindaphindana kovakalelo'. I-Reciprocal ithetha ukuba ichaphazela imisebe yokukhanya emibini ezimeleyo ngendlela efanayo. Isiphumo seSagnac sisekwe phezu kokuchongwa kotshintsho phakathi kwale miqadi mibini njengoko ihamba kumacala achaseneyo kwaye oku kulingana nokungavisisani. Ukukhanya kuhamba ngeemini ze-mini optical waveguides eziyimibhobho encinci ethwala ukukhanya, efana neengcingo ezikwisekethe yombane. Nakuphi na ukungafezeki kwindlela ye-optical okanye ukuphazamiseka kwangaphandle kuya kuchaphazela zombini iiplanga.
Ukongezwa kobuntununtunu obulinganayo kuphucula umlinganiselo wesignali ukuya kwingxolo eyenza le gyroscope yamehlo idityaniswe kwitshiphu encinci mhlawumbi ubukhulu bencam yozipho lomnwe. Le gyroscope incinci incinci ngamaxesha angama-500 ngobukhulu kunezixhobo ezikhoyo kodwa inokubona ngempumelelo utshintsho lwesigaba esincinci ngamaxesha angama-30 kuneenkqubo zangoku. Esi sivamvo sinokusetyenziswa ikakhulu kwiinkqubo zokulungisa ukungcangcazela kwekhamera. Iigyroscopes ngoku ziyimfuneko kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo kwaye uphando lwangoku lubonisa ukuba iigyroscopes ezincinci zamehlo zinokwenzeka ukuyilwa nangona kungathatha ixesha ukuze olu yilo lwebhubhoratri lufumaneke kurhwebo.
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Umthombo (s)
I-Khial PP et al 2018. I-Nanophotonic optical gyroscope ene-reciprocal sensitivity enhancement. Iifoto zeNdalo. 12(11). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41566-018-0266-5
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