Iingcali zefiziksi ziye zaphumeza owona mlinganiselo wokuqala uchanekileyo nochanekileyo weNewtonian gravitational eqhubekayo G
The Umxhuzulane I-Constant echazwa ngunobumba u-G ibonakala kumthetho kaMhlekazi uIsaac Newton wendalo iphela Ukuxhuzula echaza ukuba naziphi na izinto ezimbini ezisebenzisa a ezinamandla amandla okutsala omnye komnye. Ixabiso leNewtonian umxhuzulane rhoqo G (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-Universal Gravitational Constant) isetyenziselwa ukulinganisa amandla omxhuzulane anomtsalane phakathi kwezinto ezimbini. Ungumzekelo omhle womngeni wakudala kodwa ozingileyo kwifiziksi njengoko nasemva kweenkulungwane ezintathu, ayikacaci ncam ukuba ixabiso le-G - enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kwindalo - linokulinganiswa ngokuchanekileyo ngokuchaneka okungaguqukiyo. Ixabiso lika-G limiselwa ngokulinganisa umgama kunye nobunzima bezinto ezimbini ngokunxulumene nomtsalane wazo. Lixabiso elincinane kakhulu lamanani ngenxa yokuba amandla omtsalane abalulekile kuphela kwizinto ezinobunzima obukhulu. Owona mba ucela umngeni kukuba umxhuzulane ungamandla abuthathaka kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa namanye amandla asisiseko afana ne-electromagnetism, umtsalane obuthathaka kunye namandla kwaye ngenxa yoko i-G inzima kakhulu ukuyilinganisa. Ngaphaya koko, umxhuzulane awunabudlelwane obaziwayo kunye namanye amandla asisiseko, ngoko ke ukubala ixabiso lawo ngokungangqalanga usebenzisa ezinye izinto ezingaguqukiyo (ezinokubalwa ngokuchanekileyo ngakumbi) akunakwenzeka. I-Gravity kuphela kwentsebenziswano kwindalo engenako ukuchazwa ngethiyori ye-quantum.
Ixabiso elichanekileyo le-G
Kuphononongo lwakutsha nje olupapashwe kwi indalo, Izazinzulu ezivela eChina ziye zavelisa iziphumo ezisondeleyo kwixabiso le-G. Kwiminyaka emininzi ngaphambi kolu phononongo, ixabiso elikhoyo ngaphambili le-G liyi-6.673889 × 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2 (Iiyunithi: iimitha cubed ngekhilogram nganye. okwesibini ophindwe kabini). Kuphononongo lwangoku abaphandi basebenzise indlela yempendulo ye-angular-acceleration kunye nendlela yexesha lokujika ukuze bakwazi ukusondela ekwakhiweni kwexabiso elichanekileyo nelichanekileyo. Iziphumo zaziyi-6.674184 x 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2 kunye ne-6.674484 x 10-11 m3 kg-1 s-2 kwaye ezi ziphumo zibonisa ukutenxa komgangatho omncinci owakhe waxelwa xa kuthelekiswa namaxabiso e-G kwizifundo zangaphambili. Ukutenxa okusemgangathweni kusetyenziselwa ukulinganisa inani lokwahluka kwiseti yedatha. Ngoko ke, ukutenxa komgangatho omncinci kuthetha ukuba idatha isasazwe ngokusondeleyo kwixabiso lentsingiselo ebonisa ukuba akukho 'tenxa' ingako kwidatha okt ayitshintshi kakhulu.
Ukungaqiniseki malunga nexabiso le-G
Abaphandi baye bachaza ukuba iziphumo zabo zikwabonisa "iimpazamo ezicwangcisiweyo ezingafunyaniswanga" kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo ezikhoyo. Babonisa ukuba kuzo zonke iindlela ezikhoyo, eyona ndlela ikhethwa kakhulu ibandakanya i-interferometry - indlela yokuphazamisa amaza e-athomu - kwaye le ndlela kufuneka igxininise ekuphuculweni kwexesha elizayo. Iindlela ezintsha eziboniswe kolu phononongo kufuneka zamkelwe ukuze kuqondwe ngokupheleleyo i-mystique yexabiso le-G kunye nokubaluleka kwayo kwimimandla ebanzi yesayensi yendalo. Ixabiso le-G ngokwayo ayinakuba ngumba apha kodwa ukungaqiniseki okujikeleze ixabiso layo. Oku ngandlel’ ithile kubonisa ukungakwazi kwethu ukulinganisa amandla abuthathaka anjengomxhuzulane kunye nokunqongophala kwethiyori yokuqonda umxhuzulane.
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{Unokufunda iphepha lokuqala lophando ngokunqakraza ikhonkco le-DOI elinikwe ngezantsi kuluhlu lwemithombo ecatshulweyo (s)}
Umthombo (s)
Qing L et al 2018. Imilinganiselo ye-gravitional constant usebenzisa iindlela ezimbini ezizimeleyo. indalo. 560.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0431-5
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