Ukudityaniswa kwesibini imingxunya emnyama inezigaba ezithathu: inqanaba lokuphefumlela, ukudityaniswa kunye ne-ringdown. Uphawu amaza omxhuzulane zikhutshwa kwisigaba ngasinye. Inqanaba lokugqibela lokuthoba lifutshane kakhulu kwaye lifake ulwazi malunga neepropathi zokugqibela Umngxunya omnyama. Uhlaziyo kwakhona lwedatha evela kokubini Umngxunya omnyama Isiganeko sokudibanisa i-GW190521 ibonelele, okokuqala, ubungqina bokutyikitya emva kweenyikima zokudityaniswa ngendlela yeefrikhwensi ezimbini ezihlukeneyo eziveliswe yisiphumo esisodwa. Umngxunya omnyama njengoko yahlala phantsi kwifom ezinzileyo ye-symmetrical. Olu lubhaqo lokuqala lweefrikhwensi zamaza omxhuzulane amaninzi kwinqanaba lokuhla. Kanye njengentsimbi 'ikhala' ixesha elithile emva kokuba ibambekile, isiphumo esisodwa sigqwethiwe Umngxunya omnyama yenziwe emva kokudibanisa 'amakhonkco' okwexeshana akhupha isiqaqa amaza omxhuzulane phambi kokuba ufumane i-symmetrical stable form. Kwaye, kanye indlela imilo yentsimbi emisela ngayo amaza athile apho intsimbi ikhalela khona, ngokufanayo, ngokwethiyori yokungabi nanwele, ubunzima kunye nokujikeleza kwentsimbi. Umngxunya omnyama misela iifrikhwensi zokuhla. Ke, olu phuhliso luvula indlela yokusetyenziswa kwee-ringdown frequency to study properties of final Umngxunya omnyama.
Imingxunya emnyama zizinto ezinkulu ezinemihlaba yomxhuzulane eyomeleleyo. Xa zimbini ukujikeleza imingxunya emnyama zijikeleze omnye komnye kwaye ekugqibeleni zidibanise, ilaphu le isithuba-amaxesha ajikelezileyo aphazamisekile adala ama-ripples amaza omxhuzulane kukhanya ngaphandle. Ukusukela ngoSeptemba ka-2015 xa i-astronomy ye-gravitational-wave yaqala ngokubhaqwa kokuqala kwe-LIGO amaza omxhuzulane yenziwe ngokudityaniswa kwesibini imingxunya emnyama I-1.3 yebhiliyoni yeminyaka yokukhanya kude, ukudibanisa imingxunya emnyama ngoku zifunyanwa ngokwesiqhelo phantse kanye ngeveki.
Ukudityaniswa kwe imingxunya emnyama inezigaba ezithathu. Xa bobabini imingxunya emnyama zahlulwe ngokubanzi, zicotha ukuhamba omnye komnye ekhupha buthathaka amaza omxhuzulane. Ibhinari iya kancinci kancinci kwaye incinci ii-orbits njengoko amandla enkqubo elahlekileyo ngohlobo lwe amaza omxhuzulane. Yi le isigaba esikhuthazayo yokubambisana. Okulandelayo kukuba isigaba sokudibanisa xa babini imingxunya emnyama sondela ngokwaneleyo ukuze udibanise ukwenza enye Umngxunya omnyama enemilo egqwethekileyo. Awona maza anamandla womxhuzulane (GWs) akhutshwa kweli nqanaba ngoku abonwa ngokwesiqhelo aze arekhodwe ngokujongwa ngamaza omxhuzulane.
Isigaba sokudibanisa silandelwa linqanaba elifutshane kakhulu elibizwa ngokuba ringdown isigaba apho isiphumo esisodwa sigqwethiweyo Umngxunya omnyama ngokukhawuleza ifezekisa ngakumbi ifom ye-spherical okanye i-spheroidal ezinzile. Amaza omxhuzulane ezikhutshiweyo kwisigaba se-ringdown zimanzi kwaye zincinci kakhulu kune-GWs ezikhutshwe kwisigaba sokudibanisa. Kanye njengokuba intsimbi 'ikhala' ixesha elithile emva kokuba ibambekile, isiphumo esisodwa Umngxunya omnyama 'amakhonkco' kangangexesha elithile ekhupha fainter kakhulu amaza omxhuzulane phambi kokuba ufumane i-symmetrical stable form.
Iifrikhwensi zokuringdown ezininzi ze amaza omxhuzulane ikhutshwe ngexesha lenqanaba lokuhla lokudityaniswa kwesibini imingxunya emnyama abakabonwa ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.
Iqela lophando mvanje libe nempumelelo ekubhaqeni amaza omoya omxhuzulane ophindaphindayo kwinqanaba lokuhla lokubini. Umngxunya omnyama isiganeko sokudibanisa GW190521. Bakhangele iithowuni eziphelayo zomntu kwiifrikhwensi zokuhla ngaphandle kokuthathela ingqalelo naluphi na unxulumano kunye namaxesha okumanzisa kwaye baye baphumelela ekuchongeni iindlela ezimbini ezibonisa ukukhubazeka okubangelwayo. Umngxunya omnyama ikhuphe iifrikhwensi ezimbini ubuncinane emva kokudityaniswa. Oku kwaxelwa kwangaphambili ngokuzalana ngokubanzi kuka-Einstein kungoko isiphumo siqinisekisa ithiyori. Ngaphaya koko, abaphandi bathelekisa amaza kunye namaxesha okuthomalalisa kweendlela ezimbini zokuthoba ezifunyenwe kumsitho wokudibanisa ukuvavanya "ithiyori engenaenwele" (leyo imingxunya emnyama zibonakaliswe ngokupheleleyo ngobunzima kunye ne-spin kwaye azikho ezinye "inwele" ezifunekayo ukuchaza iimpawu zayo) kwaye azifumananga nto ngaphandle kobudlelwane ngokubanzi.
Esi sisiganeko esibalulekileyo kuba bekucingelwa ngokubanzi ukuba uqwalaselo lokujikeleza okuphindaphindeneyo akunakwenzeka phambi kokuba isizukulwana esilandelayo sifumaneke izithonga zamaza omxhuzulane kwixesha elizayo.
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Imithombo:
- Capano, CD okqhubekayo. 2023. I-Multimode Quasinormal Spectrum evela kwi-Perturbed Black Hole. Iileta zokuphonononga ngokwasemzimbeni. Umqulu. 131, Ushicilelo 22. 1 December 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.221402
- I-Max-Planck-Institut fürGravitationsphysik(Albert-Einstein-Institut), 2023. Iindaba – Kwezabani umngxuma omnyama. Ifumaneka e https://www.aei.mpg.de/749477/for-whom-the-black-hole-rings?c=26160
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