I-CERN yeminyaka engamashumi asixhenxe yohambo lwezenzululwazi iphawulwe ngamagqabantshintshi afana “nokufunyanwa kwamasuntswana asisiseko e-W boson kunye ne-Z boson enoxanduva lwamandla enyukliya abuthathaka”, uphuhliso lweyona ntshukumo inamandla yehlabathi ebizwa ngokuba yiLarge Hadron Collider (LHC) eyenze ukuba kufunyanwe iHiggs boson Ukuqinisekiswa kwentsimi ye-Higgs engundoqo kunye "nokuveliswa kunye nokupholisa kwe-antihydrogen kuphando lwe-antimatter". I-World Wide Web (WWW), ekuqaleni yakhawulwa kwaye yaphuhliswa kwi-CERN yokwabelana ngolwazi oluzenzekelayo phakathi kwezazinzulu mhlawumbi yeyona nto ibalulekileyo evela kwiNdlu yeCERN ethintele ubomi babantu kwihlabathi jikelele kwaye yatshintsha indlela esiphila ngayo.
CERN (i-acronym ye "Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire", okanye iBhunga laseYurophu loPhando lweNyukliya) liya kugqiba amashumi asixhenxe eminyaka yobukho bayo nge-29 Septemba 2024 kwaye ibhiyozela iminyaka engama-70 yokufunyaniswa kwenzululwazi kunye nokutsha. Iinkqubo zesikhumbuzo semibhiyozo ziya kuthatha unyaka wonke.
I-CERN yasekwa ngokusesikweni kwi-29th NgoSeptemba 1954 nangona kunjalo imvelaphi yayo inokulandelwa emva kwe-9th NgoDisemba 1949 xa kwenziwa isiphakamiso sokusekwa kwelebhu yaseYurophu kwiNkomfa yeNkcubeko yaseYurophu eLausanne. Igcuntswana lezazinzulu lichonge imfuneko yeziko lophando lwefiziksi elikumgangatho wehlabathi. Intlanganiso yokuqala yeBhunga le-CERN yabanjwa nge-5th NgoMeyi 1952 kwaza kwasayinwa izivumelwano. Ingqungquthela yokuseka i-CERN yasayinwa ngo-6th I-CERN Council eyayibanjelwe eParis ngoJuni 1953 eyathi yamkelwa ngokuthe ngcembe. Ukuvunywa kwendibano kwaqukunjelwa ngamalungu ali-12 asekayo ngomhla wama-29th NgoSeptemba 1954 kwaye iCERN yazalwa ngokusemthethweni.
Ukutyhubela iminyaka, i-CERN ikhule yanamazwe angamalungu angama-23, amalungu adibeneyo ali-10, amazwe amaninzi angengomalungu kunye nemibutho yamazwe ngamazwe. Namhlanje, ngowona mzekelo mhle wentsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe kwisayensi. Inezazinzulu ezimalunga nama-2500 kunye neenjineli njengamalungu abasebenzi abayila, abakha kwaye basebenzise amaziko ophando kunye nokwenza imifuniselo. Idatha kunye neziphumo zovavanyo zisetyenziswa malunga ne-12 200 yenzululwazi yezizwe ze-110, ukusuka kumaziko angaphezu kwamazwe angama-70 ukuqhubela phambili imida ye-particle physics.
Ilabhoratri yeCERN (iLarge Hadron Collider ebandakanya iikhilomitha ezingama-27 zeringi yeemagnethi ezinkulu) ihlala kumda weFrance-Switzerland kufutshane neGeneva nangona kunjalo idilesi ephambili yeCERN iseMeyrin, eSwitzerland.
Olona gxininiso lweCERN kukufumanisa ukuba yintoni na yonke yenziwe kwaye isebenza njani. Iphanda ubume obusisiseko bamasuntswana enza yonke into.
Ukuza kuthi ga kule njongo, iCERN iphuhlise iziseko zoncedo ezinkulu zophando kuquka neyona ntshukumo inamandla yehlabathi ebizwayo Omkhulu weHadiron Collider (LHC). I I-LHC iqulathe isangqa esiziikhilomitha ezingama-27 zeemagnethi ezinkulu ezipholiswe ukuba zikhwankqise -271.3 °C
Ukufunyanwa kwe Higgs boson ngo-2012 mhlawumbi yeyona mpumelelo ibalulekileyo yeCERN kutsha nje. Abaphandi baqinisekisa ubukho beli nqaku elisisiseko ngokusebenzisa i-ATLAS kunye ne-CMS yovavanyo kwi-Large Hadron Collider (LHC) indawo. Oku kufunyenweyo kuqinisekisile ubukho bendawo ye-Higgs enika ubunzima. Oku inkalo esisiseko yacetywa ngowe-1964 Ehlabathini kwaye inika ubunzima kuwo onke amasuntswana asisiseko. Iipropati zamasuntswana (njengentlawulo yombane kunye nobunzima) ziinkcazo malunga nendlela amasimi azo adibana ngayo namanye amabala.
I-W boson kunye ne-Z boson, amasuntswana asisiseko athwala amandla enyukliya abuthathaka afunyanwa kwiziko le-CERN's Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) ngo-1983. ukuguqulwa kwabo kunye nokubola kwe-beta. Amandla abuthathaka adlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinyukliya fusion kwakhona ukuba amandla iinkwenkwezi kuquka ilanga.
I-CERN yenze igalelo elibalulekileyo kuphononongo lwe-antimatter ngokusebenzisa izixhobo zayo zovavanyo lwe-antimatter. Ezinye zeendawo eziphakamileyo zophando lwe-CERN lwe-antimatter kuqwalaselo lwe-spectrum yokukhanya kwe-antimatter okokuqala ngo-2016 ngovavanyo lwe-ALPHA, ukuveliswa kwee-antiprotons zamandla aphantsi kunye nokudalwa kwe-antiatom yi-Antiproton Decelerator (AD) kunye nokupholisa phantsi kwee-athom ze-antihydrogen usebenzisa i-laser. okokuqala ngo-2021 yintsebenziswano ye-ALPHA. I-matter-antimatter asymmetry (oko kukuthi, iBig Bang idale izixa ezilinganayo zezinto kunye ne-antimatter, kodwa i-matter iyongamela yonke) ngowona mngeni mkhulu kwisayensi.
I-World Wide Web (WWW) yaqala yakhawulwa yaza yaphuhliswa eCERN nguTim Berners-Lee ngo-1989 ukwenzela ukwabelana ngolwazi oluzenzekelayo phakathi kweenzululwazi kunye namaziko ophando kwihlabathi jikelele. Iwebhusayithi yokuqala emhlabeni yabanjwa kwikhompyuter yomqambi we-NeXT. I-CERN yabeka isoftware yeWWW kwindawo yoluntu ngo-1993 kwaye yenza ukuba ifumaneke kwilayisensi evulekileyo. Oku kwenza ukuba iwebhu iphumelele.
Iwebhusayithi yokuqala ulwazi.cern.ch yabuyiselwa yiCERN ngo-2013.
***
***
