I-CERN ibhiyozela iminyaka engama-70 yohambo lweNzululwazi kwiFiziksi  

I-CERN yeminyaka engamashumi asixhenxe yohambo lwezenzululwazi iphawulwe ngamagqabantshintshi afana “nokufunyanwa kwamasuntswana asisiseko e-W boson kunye ne-Z boson enoxanduva lwamandla enyukliya abuthathaka”, uphuhliso lweyona ntshukumo inamandla yehlabathi ebizwa ngokuba yiLarge Hadron Collider (LHC) eyenze ukuba kufunyanwe iHiggs boson Ukuqinisekiswa kwentsimi ye-Higgs engundoqo kunye "nokuveliswa kunye nokupholisa kwe-antihydrogen kuphando lwe-antimatter". I-World Wide Web (WWW), ekuqaleni yakhawulwa kwaye yaphuhliswa kwi-CERN yokwabelana ngolwazi oluzenzekelayo phakathi kwezazinzulu mhlawumbi yeyona nto ibalulekileyo evela kwiNdlu yeCERN ethintele ubomi babantu kwihlabathi jikelele kwaye yatshintsha indlela esiphila ngayo.  

I-CERN (isifinyezo segama elithi “Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire”, okanye iBhunga laseYurophu loPhando lweNyukliya) iza kugqiba iminyaka engamashumi asixhenxe ikhona ngomhla wama-29 kuSeptemba 2024 kwaye ibhiyozela iminyaka engama-70 yokufunyanwa kwesayensi kunye nokuvelisa izinto ezintsha. Iinkqubo zokubhiyozela iminyaka ziya kuthatha unyaka wonke.

I-CERN yasekwa ngokusesikweni ngomhla wama-29 ^kuSeptemba ngo-1954, nangona kunjalo, imvelaphi yayo inokulandelwa emva ngomhla wesi-9 ^kuDisemba ngo-1949 xa kwenziwa isiphakamiso sokusekwa kwelebhu yaseYurophu kwiNgqungquthela yeNkcubeko yaseYurophu eLausanne. Izazinzulu ezimbalwa zazifumene imfuneko yesikhungo sophando lwefiziksi esikumgangatho wehlabathi. Intlanganiso yokuqala yeBhunga le-CERN yenzeka ngomhla wesi-5 ^kuMeyi ngo-1952 kwaye izivumelwano zatyikitywa. Isivumelwano sokuseka i-CERN satyikitywa kwiBhunga lesi-6 ^le -CERN elalibanjelwe eParis ngoJuni ngo-1953 elathi lavunywa kancinci kancinci. Ukuqinisekiswa kwesivumelwano kwagqitywa ngamalungu ali-12 asungulayo ngomhla wama-29 ^kuSeptemba ngo-1954 kwaye i-CERN yazalwa ngokusesikweni.

Ukutyhubela iminyaka, i-CERN ikhule yanamazwe angamalungu angama-23, amalungu adibeneyo ali-10, amazwe amaninzi angengomalungu kunye nemibutho yamazwe ngamazwe. Namhlanje, ngowona mzekelo mhle wentsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe kwisayensi. Inezazinzulu ezimalunga nama-2500 kunye neenjineli njengamalungu abasebenzi abayila, abakha kwaye basebenzise amaziko ophando kunye nokwenza imifuniselo. Idatha kunye neziphumo zovavanyo zisetyenziswa malunga ne-12 200 yenzululwazi yezizwe ze-110, ukusuka kumaziko angaphezu kwamazwe angama-70 ukuqhubela phambili imida ye-particle physics.  

Ilabhoratri yeCERN (iLarge Hadron Collider ebandakanya iikhilomitha ezingama-27 zeringi yeemagnethi ezinkulu) ihlala kumda weFrance-Switzerland kufutshane neGeneva nangona kunjalo idilesi ephambili yeCERN iseMeyrin, eSwitzerland. 

Eyona nto iphambili kwi-CERN kukufumanisa ukuba yenziwe ngantoni indalo yonke nendlela esebenza ngayo. Iphanda ulwakhiwo olusisiseko lwamasuntswana enza yonke into.

Ngenxa yale njongo, i-CERN iphuhlise iziseko zophando ezinkulu kuquka ne-particle accelerator enamandla kakhulu ehlabathini ebizwa ngokuba yi- Large Hadron Collider (LHC). I- LHC ine-ring ye-27-kilometer yeemagnethi eziqhuba ngamandla amakhulu ezipholiswa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-stagging –271.3 ^° C.

Ukufunyanwa kweHiggs boson ngo-2012 mhlawumbi yeyona nto ibalulekileyo eyenziwe yiCERN kutshanje. Abaphandi baqinisekisile ukubakho kwale nxalenye isisiseko ngokusebenzisa uvavanyo lwe-ATLAS kunye ne-CMS kwiziko iLarge Hadron Collider (LHC). Olu kufunyanwa luqinisekisile ukubakho kwentsimi yeHiggs enika ubunzima. Le ntsimi isisiseko yacetywayo ngo-1964. Izalisa iNdalo iphela kwaye inika ubunzima kuzo zonke iinxalenye ezisisiseko. Iimpawu zeenxalenye (ezifana nombane kunye nobunzima) ziingxelo malunga nendlela amasimi azo asebenzisana ngayo nezinye iindawo.

I-W boson kunye ne-Z boson, amasuntswana asisiseko athwala amandla enyukliya abuthathaka afunyanwa kwiziko le-CERN's Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) ngo-1983. ukuguqulwa kwabo kunye nokubola kwe-beta. Amandla abuthathaka adlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinyukliya fusion kwakhona ukuba amandla iinkwenkwezi kuquka ilanga. 

I-CERN yenze igalelo elikhulu ekufundeni i-antimatter ngokusebenzisa izixhobo zayo zovavanyo lwe-antimatter. Ezinye zezona zinto zibalulekileyo kuphando lwe-CERN lwe-antimatter kukujonga ukukhanya kwe-antimatter okokuqala ngo-2016 ngovavanyo lwe-ALPHA, ukuveliswa kwee-antiprotons ezisebenzisa amandla aphantsi kunye nokudalwa kwee-antiatoms yi-Antiproton Decelerator (AD) kunye nokuphola kwee-athomu ze-antihydrogen kusetyenziswa i-laser okokuqala ngo-2021 ngentsebenziswano ye-ALPHA. I-Matter-antimatter asymmetry (oko kukuthi, iBig Bang yadala inani elilinganayo le-matter kunye ne-antimatter, kodwa i-matter ilawula indalo yonke ) yenye yeengxaki ezinkulu kwisayensi.

I-World Wide Web (WWW) yaqala yakhawulwa yaza yaphuhliswa eCERN nguTim Berners-Lee ngo-1989 ukwenzela ukwabelana ngolwazi oluzenzekelayo phakathi kweenzululwazi kunye namaziko ophando kwihlabathi jikelele. Iwebhusayithi yokuqala emhlabeni yabanjwa kwikhompyuter yomqambi we-NeXT. I-CERN yabeka isoftware yeWWW kwindawo yoluntu ngo-1993 kwaye yenza ukuba ifumaneke kwilayisensi evulekileyo. Oku kwenza ukuba iwebhu iphumelele.  

Iwebhusayithi yokuqala ethi info.cern.ch yabuyiselwa yiCERN ngo-2013.

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