Nangona ubomi bubonakala bunzima, kuhlala kukho into onokuyenza kwaye uphumelele kuyo. ”- UStephen Hawking
UStephen W. Hawking (1942-2018) iya kukhunjulwa kungekuphela nje ngokuba yingcali yefiziksi ephunyeziweyo enengqondo ekrelekrele kodwa nangokufuzisela amandla omoya womntu ukuvuka kwaye woyise ngaphezu kokukhubazeka okuqatha komzimba kwaye ufezekise oko kucingelwa ukuba yinto engenakucingelwa. . UNjingalwazi Hawking wafunyaniswa enesigulo esimandundu xa wayeneminyaka engama-21 ubudala, kodwa wabonakalisa ukomelela kwiinkxwaleko zakhe waza waqhubeka ecinga ngengqondo yakhe ngelinge lokuchaza ezinye zeemfihlelo zenzululwazi ezibangela umdla. yonke.
Uluvo lwe imingxunya emnyama kwavela kwithiyori ka-Albert Einstein yonxulumano. Izinto zecosmic imingxunya emnyama– kucingelwa ukuba yeyona ntsonkothi inkulu eyaziwayo yonke- zixinene kakhulu, zixinene kangangokuba akukho nto ibalekayo kumxhuzulane wawo omkhulu, nkqu nokukhanya. Yonke into ifakwa kuyo. Esi sisizathu imingxunya emnyama zibizwa imingxunya emnyama kuba akukho nto inokuphuncuka ekubambeni kwayo kwaye ayikwazi ukuyibona Umngxunya omnyama. Kuba imingxunya emnyama musa ukukhupha ukukhanya okanye amandla nangaluphi na uhlobo ngokungafaniyo nazo zonke ezinye izinto ze-cosmic, azinakuze ziqhume. Oku kwakuthetha imingxunya emnyama ebengayi kufa.
UStephen Hawking wabuza ukungafi kwe imingxunya emnyama.
Kwileta yakhe enesihloko ''Imingxunya emnyama iziqhushumbisi?'', epapashwe kuyo indalo Ngo-19741, u-Hawking weza nesigqibo sethiyori sokuba asiyiyo yonke into efunxwayo. Umngxunya omnyama kwaye imingxunya emnyama khupha i-electromagnetic radiation ebizwa Imitha ye-Hawking, echaza ukuba ukusasazeka kwemitha kunokuphuma kwi-a Umngxunya omnyama, ngenxa yemithetho ye-quantum mechanics. Ngoko, Umngxunya omnyamas nayo ingagqabhuka kwaye iguqukele kwimitha ye-gamma. Wabonisa ukuba nayiphi na Umngxunya omnyama iyakudala kwaye ikhuphe amasuntswana anjenge neutrinos okanye iifotoni. Njenge Umngxunya omnyama ikhupha imitha umntu angalindela ukuba ilahlekelwe bubunzima. Oku ke kuya kwandisa umxhuzulane womphezulu kwaye konyuse izinga lokukhutshwayo. I Umngxunya omnyama ke ngoko bekuya kuba nobomi obunesiphelo kwaye ekugqibeleni banyamalale bungabikho nto.Oku kwanamathela kwingcamango ekudala ibanjwe ziingcali zefiziksi yokuba imingxuma emnyama ayifi.
The Imitha ye-Hawking kwakucingelwa ukuba ayinalwazi luluncedo malunga nokuba yintoni na Umngxunya omnyama ibanjwe ngenxa yokuba ulwazi luginywe yi Umngxunya omnyama ngelahleke ngonaphakade.Kuphononongo lwakutsha nje olupapashwe ngo-2016 kwiincwadi zokuPhononongwa kwePhysical, u-Hawking wabonisa ukuba imingxuma emnyama inehalo 'yeenwele ezithambileyo' (ngokobuchwephesha, i-low-energy quantum excitations) ejikelezayo enokugcina ulwazi. Uphando olongezelelekileyo malunga noku lunokuthi lukhokelele ekuqondeni kunye nesisombululo ekugqibeleni Umngxunya omnyama ingxaki yolwazi.
Nabuphi na ubungqina bethiyori kaHawking? Akukabikho bungqina bubonwayo kwi-cosmos. Imingxunya emnyama zinde kakhulu ukuba zingajongwa namhlanje ekupheleni kwazo.
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{Unokufunda iphepha lokuqala lophando ngokunqakraza ikhonkco le-DOI elinikwe ngezantsi kuluhlu lwemithombo ecatshulweyo (s)}
Umthombo (s)
1. Hawking S 1974. Ukudubula komngxuma omnyama? indalo. 248. https://doi.org/10.1038/248030a0
2. Hawking S et al 2016. Iinwele ezithambileyo kwimingxunya emnyama. I-Phys. UMfundisi Lett.. 116. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.231301
