Ukufudumala kwehlabathi kunye imo iyatshintsha kukhokelele ekurekhodeni kwamaza obushushu e-UK ebeka imingcipheko ebalulekileyo yezempilo ingakumbi kubantu abadala nakubantu abanezifo ezingapheliyo. Ngenxa yoko, ukufa okugqithisileyo kwamaza obushushu kunyukile. Ukushisa okugqithisileyo ngaphakathi endlini kuye kwaba yingxaki ebalulekileyo kuzo zombini iinkonzo zempilo kunye neenkonzo zezindlu zenza ukufakela izifudumezi zomoya kunye nohlengahlengiso lwendawo yokuhlala yangaphakathi kubalulekile.
Ngomhla we-19 kaJulayi 2022, iqondo lobushushu eConingsby elikwiNqila yaseLincolnshire yaseNgilani lafikelela kuma-40.3°C. Isiganeko esibalulekileyo e-UK mozulu imbali, eli yayilixesha lokuqala kwi UK ukuba amaqondo obushushu angama-40°C arekhodiweyo. Ngaphambi koku, elona qondo lobushushu liphezulu labonwa laliyi-38.7 ° C erekhodwa nge-25 kaJulayi 2019 eCambridge.1.
Ihlobo ubushushu e-UK ibisiba mandundu ngokuhamba kweminyaka. I-heatwave ka-2018 yayiyeyona ide kakhulu kwixesha elidlulileyo. Kule minyaka ingamashumi amathathu idlulileyo elona qondo lobushushu liphezulu liye lenyuka ngokuthe ngcembe ngaphezu kwe-3°C ukusuka kwi-37.1°C elona lirekhodiweyo nge-03 Agasti 1990 e-Cheltenham, eGloucestershire ukuya kwi-40.3°C erekhodwa nge-19 kaJulayi 2022 eLincolnshire.
Imozulu imodeli ibonisa ukuba iqondo lobushushu e-UK akufuneki ukufikelela 40 °C ukuba mozulu babengachatshazelwa yimpembelelo yomntu1. Nangona kunjalo, nangona imithombo yeendaba yaseBhritane iqhelekile ukunxibelelana imo iyatshintsha njengoyena nobangela uphambili emva kwamaza obushushu2, ukufudumala ngokukhawuleza kwehlabathi mozulu ikakhulu ngenxa yokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ephezulu yinyani ecacileyo. Ukuba ikhabhoni ephezulu ukukhutshwa ihlala ingathintelwa, ukuphindaphinda kokwenzeka kwe 40°C plus iza kwanda. Ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kunganciphisa kuphela oku kuphindaphindwa kodwa iimeko zobushushu obugqithisileyo zasehlotyeni ziya kuhlala ziqhelekile1. Oku kuneempembelelo ezibanzi eluntwini kuquka nempilo yabantu.
Ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu kunye neminyaka eshushu kubone ukwanda kokusweleka okunxulumene nobushushu kwiminyaka. Ngo-2020, kuqikelelwa ukuba ukusweleka kwe-heatwave eNgilani yayingama-2556 eyayiphezulu ukusukela ngo-2004 xa saziswa isicwangciso se-Heatwave yaseNgilani.3. Abantu abadala kunye nabo banezifo ezingapheliyo bahlala bengaphakathi ngaphandle kwe-air conditioners bajongene neengozi zempilo ezinxulumene nobushushu. Iinkonzo zempilo (NHS) nazo azikwazi ukujongana ngokwanelisayo nobushushu kunye nokugcina ubushushu besibhedlele bungaphantsi kwama-26°C.4. Ngokufanelekileyo, izibhedlele kunye namakhaya abongikazi/amakhaya anokhathalelo anokufuna ukufakelwa kwee-air conditioners kungekudala.
I-avareji yeyunithi yokuhlala yase-UK ibone ukuphucuka okukhulu kwiminyaka edlulileyo malunga nokwakhiwa kwe-insulation ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa. Nangona kunjalo, okwangoku kwaye kuqikelelwe mozulu Imeko, ukugquma kwesakhiwo okusebenzayo kuya kuba negalelo ekutshiseni ngokugqithisileyo kwemekobume yangaphakathi ehlotyeni. Enyanisweni, izifundo zokulinganisa5 bonisa ukwanda okukhulu kokutshisa ngokugqithisileyo ngo-2080s okwenza uhlenga-hlengiso lwezindlu kunye neenkonzo zempilo lube luyimfuneko.
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Iingxelo:
- I-Met Office 2022. Isiganeko esibalulekileyo kwimbali yemozulu yase-UK, iThunyelwe nge-22 Jul 2022. Iyafumaneka kwi-intanethi apha https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/about-us/press-office/news/weather-and-climate/2022/july-heat-review
- Batziou A., 2021. Imo iyatshintsha kunye ne-Heatwave: Ukukhangela ikhonkco kwi-British Press. Amaphepha 681-701 | Ipapashwe kwi-intanethi: 05 May 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2020.1808515
- Thompson R., 2022. Ukubhubha kweHeatwave ngeHlobo lika-2020 eNgilani: Uphononongo lokuQaphela. Int. J. Okusingqongileyo. Res. Impilo yoluntu 2022, 19(10), 6123; Ipapashwe: 18 May 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19106123
- Stokel-Walker C., 2022. Kutheni izibhedlele ze-NHS zisokola ukuphatha amaza obushushu? BMJ 2022; 378. YENZA: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.o1772 (Ipapashwe nge-15 kaJulayi 2022)
- Wright A. kunye neVenskunas E., 2022. Iimpembelelo zekamva Imo iyatshintsha kunye naManyathelo okuZiqhelanisa kwiNtuthuzelo yeHlobo yamaKhaya angoku kwiMimandla yonke yase-UK. Amandla 2022, 15(2), 512; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/en15020512
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