Imo iyatshintsha ngenxa yobushushu behlabathi obalelwa kubushushu obugqithisileyo ukukhutshwa kwiatmosfera sisoyikiso esinzulu kuluntu kwihlabathi liphela. Ukuphendula, abachaphazelekayo basebenzela ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kwi-atmosfera ekucingelwa ukuba yeyona nto iphambili kuthintelo lomoya. imo iyatshintsha. Amanyathelo okuvalwa okutsha nje ajolise ekuqulatheni ukusasazeka kwentsholongwane ye-SARS CoV-2 ebangela ubhubhani we-COVID-19 anciphise okwethutyana imisebenzi yezoqoqosho yabantu ekhokelela ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kwegesi emoyeni. Oku kubonelele ngemeko yexesha elizayo yokutshintsha kokwakheka kwe-atmospheri ngenxa yokuncipha kokukhutshwayo. Uphononongo lwakutsha nje lubonisa ukuba umgangatho womoya ophuculweyo ngenxa yokuvalwa kwe-shutdown awuzange uthothe isantya sokukhula kwegesi ye-greenhouse njengoko bekulindelekile. Oku kwakungenxa yokwanda kwexesha lokuphila kwemethane (igesi yegreenhouse ebalulekileyo) kwaye ngokuyinxenye kungenxa yokuncipha kokufunxwa kwe-CO elwandle.2. Oku kubonisa ukuba izoyikiso ze imo iyatshintsha kunye nongcoliseko lomoya azikho iingxaki ezimbini ezihlukeneyo kodwa ezidibeneyo.Ngoko ke, iinzame zokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse kunye nokuphucula umgangatho womoya kufuneka ziqwalaselwe kunye.
Isifo se-COVID-19 emva kokuqhambuka kwaso e-Wuhan e-China sabhengezwa njengoqhambuko lwenkxalabo kwihlabathi nge-30 kaJanuwari 2020. Kungekudala sathatha uhlobo olubi kakhulu sasasazeka kwihlabathi jikelele kwaye sabhengeza ubhubhani nge-11 kaMatshi 2020. Ukusukela ngoko, ubhubhane ubangele ukubandezeleka okungazange kubonwe ngaphambili kwabantu kunye nomonakalo omkhulu kwezoqoqosho.
Iinzame zokuqulatha kunye nokunciphisa i-COVID-19 ziqinisekise ukunyanzeliswa kwezithintelo eziqatha kwimisebenzi yabantu ngokuvalwa okuthe kwakhokelela ekwehleni kabukhali kwemisebenzi yemizi-mveliso nezoqoqosho, ezothutho kunye nokuhamba emoyeni okuthatha iinyanga ezininzi. Oku kubangele ukuncipha ngokukhawuleza kwi ukukhutshwa emoyeni. Ukukhutshwa kweCarbon dioxide (CO2) kwehle nge-5.4% ngo-2020. Umgangatho womoya uphuculwe ngexesha lokuvalwa. Utshintsho olucacileyo lwabonwa kwindlela ome ngayo umoya ojikeleze umhlaba.
Umntu ebenokulindela ukuba izinga lokukhula kweegesi zegreenhouse emoyeni licothe ngenxa yokuvalwa komsebenzi kodwa akuzange kwenzeke. Ngaphandle kokuhla okubukhali kokukhutshwa kwemizi-mveliso kunye neenqwelo-moya/zezithuthi, amazinga okukhula kwe-atmospheric yeegesi ze-greenhouse akazange athobe isantya. Endaweni yoko, isixa se-CO2 esibhakabhakeni siqhubekile sikhula ngesantya esifana nesakwiminyaka yangaphambili.
Oku kufunyanisiweyo bekungalindelekanga ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yokuncitshiswa kokuthathwa kweCO2 ngaselwandle. Eyona nto iphambili yayiyi-atmospheric methane. Ngexesha eliqhelekileyo, ii-nitrogen oxides, enye yezinto ezingcolisa umoya (izinto ezingcolisa umoya ezintandathu yicarbon monoxide, ilothe, initrogen oxides, i-ozone ekumgangatho ophantsi, i-particulate matter, kunye neeoksidi zesulfure) zidlala indima ephambili ekugcineni inqanaba lemethane kunye ne-ozone kwindawo yomoya. umoya. Yenza i-hydroxyl radicals yexesha elifutshane enceda ukwaphula iigesi ezihlala ixesha elide njengemethane emoyeni. Ukwehla okunxulumene nokuvalwa kokukhutshelwa kwenitrogen oksayidi kuthetha ukunciphisa amandla omoya wokuzicoca imethane. Ngenxa yoko, ubomi bemethane (a kuluhlaza igesi esebenza kakhulu ekubambiseni ubushushu emoyeni kuneCO2) kwi-atmosfera yonyukile kwaye ukuxinana kwemethane kumoya akukhange kunciphe ngokuhla okunxulumene nokuvalwa kokukhutshwa kwegesi. Ngokuchaseneyo noko, i-methane emoyeni ikhule ngesantya esikhawulezayo se-0.3% kulo nyaka uphelileyo nephezulu kunalo naliphi na ixesha kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo.
Ukunciphisa ukuxinana kweegesi ze-greenhouse ku-atmosfera kunyanzelekile kwaye kuncitshiswe ngezigaba ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ngundoqo imo iyatshintsha Izicwangciso zesenzo nangona kunjalo, njengoko uphando lubonisa, impendulo epheleleyo yokwakheka kwe-atmospheric kutshintsho olukhutshwayo luphenjelelwa kakhulu zizinto ezifana ne-carbon-cycle feedbacks kwi-CH.4 kunye ne-CO2, amanqanaba ongcoliseko angasemva, ixesha kunye nendawo yotshintsho olukhutshwayo, kunye mozulu impendulo kumgangatho womoya, njengemililo yasendle kunye ne-ozone mozulu isohlwayo. Ngoko ke, izoyikiso ze imo iyatshintsha nongcoliseko lomoya azizongxaki ezimbini ezahlukeneyo kodwa ezinxibeleleneyo. Yiyo loo nto, iinzame zokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse kunye nokuphucula umgangatho womoya kufuneka ziqwalaselwe kunye.
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umthombo:
Umhleki J., okqhubekayo 2021. Utshintsho lwentlalo ngenxa ye-COVID-19 lutyhila ubunzima obukhulu kunye neempendulo phakathi kwekhemistri yomoya kunye imo iyatshintsha. PNAS Novemba 16, 2021 118 (46) e2109481118; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.21094811188
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