Uphononongo olutsha luvavanye ukusebenzisana phakathi kwe-biomolecules kunye neeminerali zodongwe emhlabeni kwaye lukhanyise izinto ezichaphazela ukubanjiswa kwekhabhoni esekwe kwizityalo emhlabeni. Kwafunyaniswa ukuba intlawulo kwi-biomolecules kunye neeminerali zodongwe, ubume be-biomolecules, izakhi zetsimbi zendalo emhlabeni kunye nokudibanisa phakathi kwee-biomolecules zidlala indima ephambili ekuhluthweni kwekhabhoni emhlabeni. Ngelixa ubukho bee-ion zetsimbi ezichajiwe kakuhle emhlabeni zithande ukubanjiswa kwekhabhoni, ukubhanqa kwe-electrostatic phakathi kwe-biomolecules kuthintele i-adsorption ye-biomolecules kwiiminerali zodongwe. Iziphumo zinokuba luncedo ekuqikeleleni iikhemistri zomhlaba ezisebenza kakhulu ekubambeni ikhabhoni emhlabeni, nto leyo enokuthi ivule indlela yezisombululo ezisekwe emhlabeni zokunciphisa ikhabhoni emoyeni kunye nokufudumala kwehlabathi kunye imo iyatshintsha.
Umjikelo wekhabhoni ubandakanya ukuhamba kwekhabhoni ukusuka kwiatmosfera ukuya kwizityalo nakwizilwanyana ezisemhlabeni nokubuyela kwiatmosfera. Ulwandle, iatmosfera kunye nezinto eziphilayo zezona mithombo yolwazi okanye iitsinki apho imijikelo yekhabhoni ijikeleza khona. Uninzi lwe ikhabhoni kugcinwa/kuhlulwe ematyeni, kwintlenga nasemhlabeni. Izinto ezifileyo ezisematyeni nakwintlenga zinokuba ngamafutha efosili kwizigidi zeminyaka. Ukutshiswa kwamafutha efosili ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zamandla kukhupha isixa esikhulu sekhabhoni esibhakabhakeni esithe sakhokelela kwi-atmospheric carbon balance kwaye sibe negalelo kubushushu behlabathi kunye nesiphumo soko. imo iyatshintsha.
Iinzame ziyenziwa ukunciphisa ukufudumala kwehlabathi ukuya kwi-1.5 ° C xa kuthelekiswa namanqanaba angaphambi kwamashishini ngo-2050. yatyhila ukuba ihlabathi alikho sendleleni yokunciphisa iqondo lobushushu liye kutsho kwi-1.5°C ekupheleni kwale nkulungwane. Utshintsho alukhawulezi ngokwaneleyo ukufikelela kwi-2025% yokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-greenhouse ngo-2030 enokunciphisa ukufudumala kwehlabathi ngaphakathi kwamabhongo akhoyo.
Kukule meko apho indima yomhlaba carbon yendalo (SOC) ngaphakathi imo iyatshintsha ifumana ukubaluleka kokubini njengomthombo onokubakho wokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ekuphenduleni ukufudumala kwehlabathi kunye nokutshona kwendalo kwekhabhoni yomoya.
Imbali yelifa lekhabhoni (oko kukuthi, ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni emalunga ne-1,000 yezigidigidi zeetoni ukusukela ngo-1750 xa kwaqala uhlaziyo lwamashishini) nangona kunjalo, nakuphi na ukonyuka kobushushu behlabathi kunamandla okukhupha ikhabhoni eyongezelelekileyo emhlabeni okwiatmosfera kungoko kunyanzelekile ulondolozo olukhoyo. izitokhwe zekhabhoni zomhlaba.
Umhlaba njenge sinki ye eziphilayo ikhabhoni
Umhlaba usengowesibini ngobukhulu emhlabeni (emva kolwandle). eziphilayo ikhabhoni. Iphethe malunga ne-2,500 yeebhiliyoni zeetoni zekhabhoni emalunga neshumi lomthamo ogcinwe kwi-atmosfera, ukanti inamandla amakhulu angasetyenziswanga okusebenzisa ikhabhoni yomoya. Izityalo zinokubamba phakathi kwe-0.90 kunye ne-1.85 petagrams (1 Pg = 1015 iigram) zekhabhoni (Pg C) ngonyaka, malunga nama-26–53% ekujoliswe kuko “4 nge-1000 yeNyathelo” (oko kukuthi, umyinge we-0.4% wokukhula wonyaka womhlaba omileyo wehlabathi eziphilayo i-carbon stocks inokuphelisa ukwanda kwangoku kwi-carbon emission kwi-atmosfera kunye negalelo ekuhlangabezaneni ne mozulu ekujoliswe kuko). Nangona kunjalo, ukudibana kwezinto ezichaphazela ukubanjiswa kwezityalo eziphilayo into esemhlabeni ayiqondwa kakuhle.
Yintoni ephembelela ukutshixwa kwekhabhoni emhlabeni
Uphononongo olutsha lunika ukukhanya malunga nokuba yintoni egqiba ukuba isityalo sisekelwe eziphilayo into iya kubanjiswa xa ingena emhlabeni okanye iya kugqiba ukondla iintsholongwane kwaye ibuyisele ikhabhoni emoyeni ngendlela yeCO.2. Ukulandela uviwo lokusebenzisana phakathi kwe-biomolecules kunye neeminerali zodongwe, abaphandi bafumanisa ukuba intlawulo kwi-biomolecules kunye neeminerali zodongwe, isakhiwo se-biomolecules, izakhi zensimbi zendalo emhlabeni kunye nokudibanisa phakathi kwee-biomolecules zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuhluthweni kwekhabhoni emhlabeni.
Uvavanyo lwentsebenziswano phakathi kweeminerali zodongwe kunye ne-biomolecules nganye ibonise ukuba ukubopha kwakuqikelelwa. Ekubeni iiminerali zodongwe zihlawuliswa kakubi, i-biomolecules enamacandelo ahlawulwe kakuhle (i-lysine, i-histidine kunye ne-threonine) yafumana ukubopha okunamandla. Ukubophelela kukwaphenjelelwa nokuba i-biomolecule iguquguquka ngokwaneleyo ukulungelelanisa amacandelo ayo ahlawulwe kakuhle kunye neemaminerali zodongwe ezibiziweyo.
Ukongeza kwintlawulo ye-electrostatic kunye neempawu zesakhiwo se-biomolecules, izakhi zentsimbi zendalo emhlabeni zifunyenwe zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekubopheni ngokubunjwa kwebhulorho. Ngokomzekelo, i-magnesium kunye nekhalsiyam echajiwe kakuhle, yenza ibhulorho phakathi kwe-biomolecules ehlawuliswa kakubi kunye neeminerali zodongwe ukudala ibhondi ebonisa ukuba izakhi zesinyithi zendalo emhlabeni zinokwenza kube lula ukubanjiswa kwekhabhoni emhlabeni.
Kwelinye icala, umtsalane we-electrostatic phakathi kwee-biomolecules ngokwazo zibe nefuthe ekubopheni kakubi. Enyanisweni, amandla okukhanga phakathi kwee-biomolecules afunyaniswa ukuba aphezulu kunamandla okutsala i-biomolecule ukuya kwiminerali yodongwe. Oku kuthetha ukunciphisa i-adsorption ye-biomolecules kudongwe. Ke, ngelixa ubukho bee-ion zetsimbi ezichajiwe ngokufanelekileyo emhlabeni zithande ukubanjwa kwekhabhoni, ukubhanqa kwe-electrostatic phakathi kwe-biomolecules kuthintele ukufakwa kwee-biomolecules kwiiminerali zodongwe.
Ezi ziphumo zintsha malunga nendlela eziphilayo I-carbon biomolecules ibophelela kwiiminerali zodongwe emhlabeni inokunceda ukuguqula iikhemistri zomhlaba ngokufanelekileyo ukuze zithande ukubanjiswa kwekhabhoni, ngaloo ndlela kuvula indlela yezisombululo ezisekwe emhlabeni imo iyatshintsha.
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Iingxelo:
- Zomer, RJ, Bossio, DA, Sommer, R. et al. Amandla okuThinjwa kweHlabathi jikelele kokuNyuswa kweKhabhoni yeOrganic kwiMihlaba yeZityalo. Sci Rep 7, 15554 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-15794-8
- Rumpel, C., Amiraslani, F., Chenu, C. et al. Inyathelo le-4p1000: Amathuba, imida kunye nemingeni yokuphumeza ukuhluthwa kwekhabhoni ye-organic emhlabeni njengesicwangciso sophuhliso oluzinzileyo. Ambio 49, 350–360 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-019-01165-2
- Wang J., uWilson RS, kunye no-Aristilde L., 2024. Ukudityaniswa kwe-electrostatic kunye ne-water bridging kwi-adsorption hierarchy ye-biomolecules ku-interfaces yamanzi-yodongwe. PNAS. 8 February 2024.121 (7) e2316569121. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2316569121
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