Iimpembelelo zeMozulu zothuli lweMinerali ye-Atmospheric: Umsebenzi we-EMIT Ufezekisa iNqanaba elibalulekileyo  

Ngombono wayo wokuqala woMhlaba, Ii-NASA's Umnqophiso we-EMIT ufezekisa impumelelo ekuqondeni ngcono iziphumo zemozulu zothuli lwezimbiwa emoyeni.  

Ngomhla we-27 kaJulayi 2022, Ii-NASA's UPhando loMthombo weMithombo yeziMbiwa kuMphezulu woMhlaba (EMIT), olufakwe kuMazwe ngaMazwe isithuba Isitishi ngexesha le-22-24 kaJulayi 2022, sizuze inqanaba elibalulekileyo xa sibonelela ngombono wokuqala woMhlaba (obizwa ngokuba ''ukukhanya kokuqala''). Uthumo lujolise ekwenzeni imephu yokwakhiwa kothuli lwezimbiwa kwimimandla eyomileyo yoMhlaba ukuqonda ngcono indlela uthuli oluchaphazela ngayo ukufudumeza kwemozulu okanye ukuwa.  

Isiphumo sokufudumala kwemozulu ye kuluhlaza Iirhasi ziqondwa kakuhle nangona kunjalo kukho ukungaqiniseki ekulinganiseni iziphumo zemozulu zothuli lwezimbiwa olukhutshwa emoyeni ngenxa yemilinganiselo emincinane yokwakheka kothuli.  

Uthuli lweminerali, icandelo le-aerosol yothuli lomhlaba (i-aerosol kukunqunyanyiswa kolwelo okanye amasuntswana aqinileyo kwi-atmosfera, ene-particle diameters kuluhlu lwe-10^-9 ukuya 10^-3 m.), idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwinkqubo yemozulu. Ukuze uqikelele imiba eyahlukeneyo yempembelelo yemozulu yothuli lwezimbiwa kubalulekile ukwazi imvelaphi yayo, ukugxila kunye nokusabalalisa kwihlabathi jikelele. Iimodeli zemozulu zizama ukusebenzisa imodeli yothutho eyahlukeneyo apho i-parameterization yokukhutshwa kothuli, ukuhanjiswa kwayo kunye nokufunxa kunye neempawu zokusabalalisa zisetyenziswa.  

Idatha kuthuli lwezimbiwa kunye neemodeli okwangoku zilinganiselwe kwinqanaba lengingqi kwaye azinakusonjululwa kwinqanaba lehlabathi. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku akukho datha iseti enye ekhoyo inokuchaza yonke imiba yomjikelo wothuli lwezimbiwa kwiatmosfera yehlabathi.  

Uthuli lwezimbiwa, oluyinxalenye enkulu yomthwalo we-aerosol yehlabathi lunokuchaphazela kakhulu ulungelelwaniso lwamandla enkqubo yomhlaba ngokuthe ngqo ngokufunxwa kunye nokusasazeka kwemitha yelanga kunye ne-thermal kwaye ngokungathanga ngqo ngokusebenzisana namafu ngokusekwa kweenuclei zelifu (CCN) kunye nokutshintsha kwabo. iipropati. Ngaphandle kokuqonda okufanelekileyo ngokwenzululwazi kweenkqubo ezibandakanya iziphumo zothuli lwezimbiwa kwinkqubo yemozulu, kukho ukungaqiniseki okukhulu kuqikelelo lweziphumo zemozulu ezithe ngqo nezingathanga ngqo zothuli lwezimbiwa, ngakumbi kumlinganiselo wehlabathi. Ukuphazamiseka kwibhalansi yemitha okubangelwa luthuli lwezimbiwa kuchazwa ngokwemigaqo yokunyanzeliswa kwemitha yothuli (kulinganiswa nge-W/m²) lutshintsho lwenethi (ukuhla-phezulu) kwi-radiation flux ebangelwa yi-mineral dust aerosol. Ke, naluphi na utshintsho kumthwalo wothuli lwezimbiwa kwi-atmosfera luya kutshintsha ibhalansi yokusasazeka kwemitha yommandla kwaye inokukhokelela kubushushu/ukupholisa okwahlukileyo okuchaphazela inkqubo yokujikeleziswa kwehlabathi kunye nemozulu. Ukunyanzeliswa kwemitha ngenxa yothuli lwezimbiwa kuxhomekeke kwiimpawu ezininzi zothuli, umzekelo iimpawu zayo ezibonakalayo (isalathisi se-refractive), ukwakheka kweekhemikhali, ubungakanani, imilo, ukusabalalisa ngokuthe nkqo kunye nokuthe tye, ukukwazi ukuxubana namanye amasuntswana, ukufuma njl. Uthuli lweminerali kwi-atmosfera kodwa ukubekeka kwalo kumphezulu kuneziphumo ezibalulekileyo njengoko kunokutshintsha umphezulu we-albedo (amandla abonakalisa umphezulu) kwaye kuchaphazele isantya sokunyibilika komkhenkce kunye neminqwazi yomkhenkce kwipolar. 

Kukule meko ukuba imilinganiselo yothuli lwezimbiwa ze-EMIT ibaluleke kakhulu. Ayizukuvala umsantsa kulwazi lwethu kuphela kodwa iya kubonelela ngeseti yedatha efuneka kakhulu yehlabathi eza kunceda iimodeli ziqonde kwaye zilinganise iziphumo zothuli kwiimodeli zemozulu. 

Imilinganiselo ye-EMIT iyakutyhila ukwakheka kunye nokutshintsha kweeminerali kuthuli olujikeleze umoya wehlabathi. Ngomzuzwana nje, i-imaging spectrometer ye Ii-NASA's I-EMIT iyakwazi ukubamba amakhulu amawaka okukhanya okubonakalayo kunye ne-infrared yokukhanya okuveliswe ngokusasazwa / ukubonakaliswa kwamasuntswana othuli lwamaminerali kunye nokuvelisa iminwe ebonakalayo yommandla womhlaba. Ngokusekwe phezu kombala (ubude bobude) bespectrum ezahlukeneyo zamalungu afana nomhlaba, amatye, uhlaza, amahlathi, imilambo kunye namafu nazo zinokuchongwa. Kodwa eyona njongo yolu thunywa iya kuba kukulinganisa izimbiwa ezisemoyeni eziveliswe kwiindawo ezomileyo nezivelisa uthuli lwemimandla yehlabathi. Ekugqibeleni iya kunceda ukuqonda ngcono impembelelo yothuli lwezimbiwa kwimozulu kwaye incede ukuphuhlisa imodeli yemozulu engcono. 

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Imithombo:  

1. JPL 2022. I-NASA ye-Mineral Dust Detector iqala ukuqokelela iDatha. Ithunyelwe nge-29 kaJulayi 2022. Iyafumaneka kwi-intanethi https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nasas-mineral-dust-detector-starts-gathering-data?utm_source=iContact&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=nasajpl&utm_content=Latest-20220729-1  

2. JPL 2022. UPhando loMthombo weZimbiwa oMphezulu woMhlaba we-EMIT – Iinjongo. Iyafumaneka kwi-intanethi https://earth.jpl.nasa.gov/emit/science/objectives/  

3. I-RO Green et al., "UPhando loMthombo weMinerali oMphezulu woMhlaba: i-Earth Science Imaging Spectroscopy Mission," iNkomfa ye-Aerospace ka-2020 ye-IEEE, ngo-2020, iphe. 1-15, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/AERO47225.2020.9172731 

4. Ii-aerosols. Iyafumaneka kwi-intanethi https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/aerosol  

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