Uphononongo lwe-Lancet lubonisa ukuba i-Type 2 yeswekile inokuguqulwa kwizigulane zabantu abadala ngokulandela inkqubo engqongqo yokulawula ubunzima.
Isifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lwesifo seswekile kwaye sijongwa njengesifo esiqhubekayo esingapheliyo esifuna unyango lobomi bonke. Inani labantu abanesifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini liphindwe kane kwiminyaka engama-35 edlulileyo kwihlabathi liphela, kwaye eli nani kulindeleke ukuba lidlule kwizigidi ezingama-600 ngo-2040. Olu phando lokwanda kwezigulane zesifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini lunxulunyaniswa nokunyuka okumangalisayo kwamanqanaba okutyeba kakhulu kunye nokuqokelelwa kwamafutha esiswini.
Indlela yokuphila esempilweni njengenye indlela yamachiza alwa nesifo seswekile?
Kuye kwathethwa amaxesha amaninzi ukuba isifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini sinokuguqulwa okanye sipheliswe ngokupheleleyo ngokudityaniswa kokutya okunempilo ngexesha elifanelekileyo, imisebenzi yomzimba kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokuphila. Ngamafutshane, utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila. Kwakhona, kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba ukutyeba kakhulu (i-BMI engaphezulu kwama-25) kwandisa umngcipheko wokufumana isifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini . Nangona kunjalo, ingqwalasela ibisoloko ikwimeko yokuchaza amayeza okunciphisa amanqanaba eswekile egazini. Ukutya kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokuphila kuxoxwa kakhulu kodwa ngokubanzi olu nyango alubandakanyi ukunciphisa iikhalori okanye ukwehla kobunzima obukhulu. Ngamafutshane, unobangela oyintloko awukaze ucatshangelwe.
Ukulungiswa kwendlela yokuphila
Ngoko ke, yintoni enokwenziwa ukunciphisa ukuxhaphaka kwesifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini ? Uphononongo lwakutshanje kwiLancet 1 lubonisa ukuba uhlengahlengiso olupheleleyo lwendlela yokuphila yeyona nto iphambili ekulawuleni esi sifo. Olu phononongo luhlalutya kwaye lwakha unobangela oyintloko wale meko, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiziphumo ezinomdla. Kuye kwaboniswa ukuba emva konyaka omnye, abathathi-nxaxheba balahlekelwe ngumyinge we-10kg, kwaye phantse isiqingatha sabo babuyela kwimeko yabo yokungabi naso isifo seswekile ngelixa bengasebenzisi naluphi na uhlobo lonyango lweswekile . Olu phononongo lukhokelwa nguNjingalwazi uRoy Taylor, waseNewcastle University, kunye noNjingalwazi uMike Lean waseGlasgow University, luyinto entsha kwinkalo yokucebisa abathathi-nxaxheba ngokunciphisa umzimba ngendlela yokutya kodwa akukho ukwanda okuphawulekayo kwimisebenzi yomzimba. Nangona kunjalo, ukulandelela ixesha elide ngokuqinisekileyo kufuna umsebenzi wemihla ngemihla oqhubekayo.
Uvavanyo lwezonyango lwesifo seswekile (DiRECT) luquke abantu abadala abangama-298 abaneminyaka engama-20-65 ubudala abafunyaniswe benesifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini kwiminyaka emi-6 edlulileyo. Apha, ababhali baqaphela ukuba uninzi lwabathathi-nxaxheba yayingabantu abamhlophe baseBritane, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba iziphumo zabo azinakusebenza ngokubanzi kwezinye iintlanga.
Ukusika iikhalori ngundoqo
Inkqubo yolawulo lobunzima yanikezelwa ngoogqirha bokutya kunye/okanye abongikazi kwaye yaqala ngesigaba sokutshintsha ukutya esibandakanya ukutya okunekhalori ephantsi. Ikhalori elawulwayo yokutya ibandakanya umda ophezulu wemihla ngemihla we-825-853 calories ngosuku, malunga neenyanga ezintathu ukuya ezintlanu. Oku kwalandelwa kukufakwa kwakhona ngokwemigangatho kokunye ukutya okuthile. Le migaqo yokutya idityaniswe neeseshoni zonyango lokuziphatha kwengqondo kunye nolunye uhlobo lokuzilolonga ukuxhasa ukugcinwa kobunzima obuqhubekayo. Onke amayeza e-Antidiabetic ayekwa ekuqaleni kwenkqubo.
Uphononongo lwangaphambili lwesibini olwenziwe ngabaphandi abafanayo luqinisekisile i-Twin Cycle Hypothesis ethi unobangela omkhulu wesifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini kukutyeba okugqithisileyo kwisibindi nakwipancreas. Bafumanise ukuba abantu abanesifo banokubuyiselwa kulawulo oluqhelekileyo lweglucose ngokutya nokutya ukutya okuneekhalori eziphantsi kakhulu, nto leyo evumela la malungu ukuba abuyele ekusebenzeni okuqhelekileyo.
Ukuxolelwa kohlobo lwe-2 yeswekile njengesiphumo esiphambili
Iziphumo eziphambili zenkqubo yokulawula ubunzima obukhulu yayikukunciphisa ubunzima obuyi-15 kg nangaphezulu, umgangatho wobomi ophucukileyo kakhulu kwiinyanga ezili-12 kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu kukukhululwa kwisifo seswekile . Uphuculo olukhulu luphawulwe nakwizinga eliqhelekileyo lamafutha egazini kwaye phantse ama-50 ekhulwini ezigulana azizange zibonise ukunyuka koxinzelelo lwegazi, ngaloo ndlela zingadingi mayeza okunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi.
Olu phando lunomdla kakhulu kwaye luyamangalisa, kwaye lunokutshintsha indlela oluphathwa ngayo unyango lwesifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini. Kwakhona lubonise ukuba ukulahleka okukhulu kobunzima okujoliswe kutyando lwe-bariatric (umngcipheko, ukungafaneleki kwizigulane ezininzi) kusenokungabi yimfuneko kwaye kube yinjongo efanayo yokunciphisa ubunzima enikezelwa yinkqubo enjalo, sisisombululo esifanelekileyo nesifikelelekayo kwizigulane ezininzi kwaye siya kulandela rhoqo. Ukulahlekelwa bubunzima obugqithisileyo (okunokubonelelwa kwindawo yoluntu engengogqirha) akunxulunyaniswanga kuphela nolawulo olungcono lwesifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini kodwa kunokubangela ukuxolelwa okuhlala ixesha elide.
Imiceli mngeni engaphambili
Olu phononongo luvula indlela yezicwangciso zokuthintela kunye nokunyamekela kwangethuba isifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini njengeyona njongo iphambili. Ukubeka isifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini kwimeko entle ngokukhawuleza emva kokuxilongwa kunokuba neengenelo ezingaqhelekanga kwaye njengoko uphando lubonisa, kunokwenzeka ukuba phantse isiqingatha sazo zonke izigulana sifezekise oku kwindawo yokhathalelo oluqhelekileyo kwaye ngaphandle kwamayeza.
Nangona kunjalo, indlela yokusebenza echaziweyo isenokungabi yindlela enozinzo ebomini njengoko ingekho lula kwaye ingumceli mngeni omkhulu kubantu ukuba baphile ngokutya okumiselweyo okumiselweyo “ubomi babo bonke”. Ke ngoko, umceli mngeni omkhulu ocacileyo wale ndlela yokusebenza kukuthintelwa kwexesha elide lokufumana ubunzima kwakhona. Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, oko bhetyebhetye kufuna ukukhuthazwa ukuze kwandiswe iziphumo zomntu ngamnye. Ngaphaya koko, ungenelelo oluchanekileyo lokuziphatha kunye neenkqubo ezikhuthaza kunye nokuxhasa izigulana ukuba zenze utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila kufuneka ziyilwe. Oku kuya kufuna amaqhinga omgangatho womntu ngamnye kunye nabanzi ngakumbi kubandakanywa isigqibo sezoqoqosho esifana nokurhafiswa kokutya okungenampilo.
Iziphumo ezipapashwe kwiLancet zisasaza ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kweendlela zokungenelela ekunciphiseni ubunzima ekunyamekeleni rhoqo nasekuphulukaneni nesifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini kwicandelo lezempilo.
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Umthombo (s)
1. UMichael EJ nabanye ngo-2017. Ulawulo lobunzima oluphambili olukhokelwa yinkathalo yokuxolelwa kwesifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini (iDiRECT): uvavanyo oluvulelekileyo, oluqhutywa ngokungacwangciswanga. I-Lancet . http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)33102-1
2. Roy T 2013. Uhlobo lwesibini lwesifo seswekile: Imvelaphi kunye nokuguquka. Ukhathalelo lweswekile . 36(4). http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc12-1805
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