Uphononongo lwe-Lancet lubonisa ukuba i-Type 2 yeswekile inokuguqulwa kwizigulane zabantu abadala ngokulandela inkqubo engqongqo yokulawula ubunzima.
chwetheza 2 iswekile lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo iswekile kwaye sijongwa njengesifo esingapheliyo esifuna unyango lobomi bonke. Inani labantu abane uhlobo lwe-2 sikashukela liye laphindaphindeka kane kule minyaka ingama-35 idlulileyo kwihlabathi jikelele, kwaye eli nani kulindeleke ukuba liwele kwizigidi ezingama-600 ngowama-2040. iswekile izigulane zidibene nokunyuka okuthusayo kumanqanaba okutyeba kunye nokuqokelela kwamafutha kwisisu.
Indlela yokuphila esempilweni njengenye indlela yamachiza alwa nesifo seswekile?
Kuye kwathethwa amaxesha amaninzi olo hlobo lwesi-2 iswekile inokuguqulwa okanye inqunyulwe ngokupheleleyo kunye nokudibanisa kwangexesha lokutya okunempilo, umsebenzi womzimba kunye nokutshintsha kwendlela yokuphila.Ngamafutshane, ukulungiswa kwendlela yokuphila. Kwakhona, kuye kwaqatshelwa ukuba ukutyeba kakhulu (BMI ngaphezulu kwama-25) kwandisa umngcipheko wokukhula uhlobo lwe-2 sikashukela. Nangona kunjalo, ugqaliselo luye lwahlala ikakhulu ekumiseleni unyango lwamachiza ukunciphisa amanqanaba eswekile yegazi. Ukutya kunye nokutshintsha kwendlela yokuphila kuxoxwa ngokubanzi kodwa ngokubanzi olu nyango alubandakanyi ukusika iikhalori okanye ukwehla kobunzima obuninzi. Ngamafutshane, unobangela awuzange ucingwe.
Ukulungiswa kwendlela yokuphila
Ke, yintoni enokwenziwa ukubuyisela umva izehlo zodidi lwesi-2 iswekile? Uphononongo lwakutsha nje eLancet1 ibonisa ukuba uhlengahlengiso olupheleleyo lwendlela yokuphila yeyona nto iphambili ekulawuleni esi sifo. Uphononongo luhlalutya kwaye lwakha phezu kwesizathu esibangela imeko, ekhokelela kwiziphumo ezinomdla. Kuye kwaboniswa ukuba emva konyaka we-1, abathathi-nxaxheba baye balahlekelwa ngumyinge we-10kg, kwaye phantse isiqingatha sabo sibuyele kwisimo esingenasifo seswekile ngelixa singasebenzisi naluphi na uhlobo lonyango. iswekile. Olu pho nonongo olukhokelwa nguNjingalwazi uRoy Taylor, ovela kwiYunivesithi yaseNewcastle, kunye noNjingalwazi uMike Lean ovela kwiYunivesithi yaseGlasgow, inoveli kwinkalo yokucebisa ukwehla kobunzima bokutya kubathathi-nxaxheba kodwa kungabikho ukwanda okubonakalayo kokusebenza komzimba. Nangona kunjalo, ukulandelwa kwexesha elide ngokuqinisekileyo kufuna umsebenzi oqhubekayo wemihla ngemihla.
Uvavanyo lweKlinikhi yokuLawulwa kwesifo seswekile (DiRECT) lubandakanya abantu abadala abangama-298 abaneminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwengama-65 abafunyaniswa ukuba banohlobo lwe-2. iswekile kwiminyaka emi-6 edlulileyo. Apha, ababhali bayaqaphela ukuba uninzi lwabathathi-nxaxheba babemhlophe baseBrithani, bebonisa ukuba iziphumo zabo azinakusebenza ngokubanzi kwezinye iintlanga.
Ukusika iikhalori ngundoqo
Inkqubo yolawulo lobunzima yanikezelwa ngoogqirha bokutya kunye/okanye abongikazi kwaye yaqala ngesigaba sokutshintsha ukutya esibandakanya ukutya okunekhalori ephantsi. Ikhalori elawulwayo yokutya ibandakanya umda ophezulu wemihla ngemihla we-825-853 calories ngosuku, malunga neenyanga ezintathu ukuya ezintlanu. Oku kwalandelwa kukufakwa kwakhona ngokwemigangatho kokunye ukutya okuthile. Le migaqo yokutya idityaniswe neeseshoni zonyango lokuziphatha kwengqondo kunye nolunye uhlobo lokuzilolonga ukuxhasa ukugcinwa kobunzima obuqhubekayo. Onke amayeza e-Antidiabetic ayekwa ekuqaleni kwenkqubo.
Uphononongo lwangaphambili2 ngabaphandi abafanayo baye baqinisekisa i-Twin Cycle Hypothesis eyathi unobangela omkhulu uhlobo lwe-2 sikashukela ngamafutha agqithisileyo ngaphakathi kwesibindi kunye nodaka. Baye bafumanisa ukuba abantu abanesifo banokubuyiselwa kulawulo lwe-glucose eqhelekileyo ngokutya kunye nokugcina ukutya okune-calorie ephantsi kakhulu ngaloo ndlela bevumela la malungu ukuba abuyele ekusebenzeni okuqhelekileyo.
Ukuxolelwa kohlobo lwe-2 yeswekile njengesiphumo esiphambili
Iziphumo eziphambili zenkqubo yokulawula ubunzima obunzulu yayiyilahleko ye-15 kg okanye ngaphezulu, iphucule kakhulu umgangatho wobomi kwiinyanga ze-12 kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxolelwa. iswekile. Uphuculo olubalulekileyo luye lwaphawulwa kwi-avareji ye-lipid concentrations kwaye phantse i-50 yepesenti yezigulane ayizange ibonise ukunyuka kwengcinezelo yegazi, ngoko ke ayifuni nayiphi na iziyobisi ezichasayo.
Oku kufunyanisiweyo kuyavuyisa kakhulu kwaye kuyaphawuleka, kwaye kunokuguqula unyango lwe-2 seswekile. Kwakhona kwabonisa ukuba ilahleko enkulu kakhulu yobunzima ekujoliswe kuyo ngotyando lwe-bariatric (umngcipheko, ukungafaneleki kwizigulana ezininzi) ayinakuba yimfuneko kunye nenjongo ethelekiseka kakhulu yokuncipha kwesisindo esibonelelwa yile nkqubo sisindululo esisengqiqweni nesinokufezekiswa kwizigulane ezininzi. kwaye uya kulandela rhoqo. Ukulahleka kwesisindo esinzulu (esinokuthi sinikezelwe kwindawo engeyiyo ingcali yoluntu) ayidibaniswanga kuphela kulawulo olungcono lohlobo lwe-2. iswekile kodwa kunokubangela uxolelo oluhlala luhleli.
Imiceli mngeni engaphambili
Olu phononongo luvula indlela yezicwangciso zokuthintela kunye nokhathalelo lwangethuba lohlobo lwesi-2 iswekile njengeyona njongo iphambili. Ukubeka udidi lwesi-2 iswekile ukuba uxolelo kwangoko emva kokuba uxilongo lunokuba neenzuzo ezingaqhelekanga kwaye njengoko uphononongo lubonisa, kusenokwenzeka ukuba phantse isiqingatha sazo zonke izigulana ukufezekisa oku kwimeko yokhathalelo lokuqala lwesiqhelo kwaye ngaphandle kwamachiza.
Nangona kunjalo, indlela yokusebenza echaziweyo isenokungabi yindlela enozinzo ebomini njengoko ingekho lula kwaye ingumceli mngeni omkhulu kubantu ukuba baphile ngokutya okumiselweyo okumiselweyo “ubomi babo bonke”. Ke ngoko, umceli mngeni omkhulu ocacileyo wale ndlela yokusebenza kukuthintelwa kwexesha elide lokufumana ubunzima kwakhona. Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, oko bhetyebhetye kufuna ukukhuthazwa ukuze kwandiswe iziphumo zomntu ngamnye. Ngaphaya koko, ungenelelo oluchanekileyo lokuziphatha kunye neenkqubo ezikhuthaza kunye nokuxhasa izigulana ukuba zenze utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila kufuneka ziyilwe. Oku kuya kufuna amaqhinga omgangatho womntu ngamnye kunye nabanzi ngakumbi kubandakanywa isigqibo sezoqoqosho esifana nokurhafiswa kokutya okungenampilo.
Iziphumo ezipapashwe kwi Lancet isasaza ukusetyenziswa okubanzi kwezicwangciso zokungenelela ekulahlekeni kwesisindo kunyango lwesiqhelo kunye nokuxolelwa kohlobo lwe-2 iswekile kwicandelo lezempilo.
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{Unokufunda iphepha lokuqala lophando ngokunqakraza ikhonkco le-DOI elinikwe ngezantsi kuluhlu lwemithombo ecatshulweyo (s)}
Umthombo (s)
1. UMichael EJ et al 2017. Ulawulo oluphambili lokunyamekela ubunzima bokuxolelwa kwesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-2 (i-DiRECT): ilebula evulekileyo, i-cluster-randomised trial. Lancet. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)33102-1
2. Roy T 2013. Uhlobo lwe-2 yeswekile: I-Etiology kunye nokuguqulwa. Uncedo lweSwekile. 36(4). http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc12-1805
