Ityhefu yeNkokheli kuKutya okuvela kwiAluminiyam ethile kunye neBrass Cookware 

Iziphumo zovavanyo zibonise ukuba ezinye izitya zokupheka ze-aluminium kunye ne-bronze zikhupha amanqanaba abalulekileyo e-lead (Pb) kwizitya zokupheka ezisetyenziselwa ukupheka zingene ekutyeni. I-lead iyingozi ebantwini ngoko ke ukutya okunomlinganiselo ophezulu we-lead akukhuselekanga ukutyiwa. E-USA, i-FDA ilumkise ngokusebenzisa izinto ezithile zokupheka ezenziwe nge-aluminium, i-bronze, kunye ne-aluminium alloys eziveliswa ziiyunithi ezithile kumazwe anengeniso ephantsi naphakathi (LMICs) anomgangatho ophantsi kunye nolawulo. Ubungqina bubonisa ukuba izitya zemveli zesinyithi ezivela kwihlabathi liphela zinokuba namanqanaba aphezulu e-lead. I-Fellows, KM et al (2024) bavavanye izitya zokupheka ze-aluminium, izinto ze-bronze kunye nezinto zentsimbi engagqwaliyo ezisetyenziswa ekuphekeni kwaye bafumanisa ukuba iimveliso ezininzi ze-aluminium kunye nezitya zokupheka ze-bronze ziqulethe ngaphezulu kwe-100 parts per million (ppm) ye-lead. Phantsi kweemeko ezilinganisiweyo, uninzi lwazo lukhuphe i-Lead (Pb) idlula imida yokutya ecetyiswayo. Uphando lwakutshanje olwenziwe nguBinkhorst G., et al (2025) luphande ukuba kukho i-lead exposure evela kwiimbiza zokupheka ze-aluminium kumazwe anengeniso ephantsi naphakathi (LMICs) kwaye lufumanise ukuba i-lead concentrations iyonke kwiimbiza zokupheka iphakathi kwe-1600 ppm kwaye i-lead concentrations iyonke nenokutsalwa yayilingana. Le yingxaki ebalulekileyo kwimpilo yoluntu kuba ezi zixhobo zokupheka zisetyenziswa kakhulu kumazwe amaninzi kwihlabathi liphela.

I-FDA iye yalumkisa malunga nokusetyenziswa kwemveliso ethile yokupheka evela kumazwe angaphandle eyenziwe nge-aluminiyam, ubhedu, kunye ne-alloys ye-aluminiyam emva kovavanyo oluvezile ukuvuza kwamanqanaba abalulekileyo elothe (Pb) ekutyeni xa kusetyenziselwa ukupheka, ngaloo ndlela kwenza ukutya kungakhuselekanga. Uluhlu lweemveliso ezinjalo zokupheka zikhutshiwe, kwaye abasebenzisi bayacetyiswa ukuba balahle iimveliso ezinjalo. Abo bachaphazelekayo kuluhlu lonikezelo lweemveliso ezinjalo bayacetyiswa ukuba bayeke ukusebenzisana nemveliso enjalo.  

Ilothe iyityhefu ebantwini kwaye inokuchaphazela abantu babo nabuphi na ubudala. Kwanamanqanaba aphantsi okuba sesichengeni selothe anokubangela iingxaki ezinzulu zempilo, ingakumbi kubantwana nakwiimveku. Abantwana kunye neentsana basengozini ngakumbi kwityhefu yelothe.  

Kuyaziwa ukuba izixhobo zesinyithi zemveli ezivela kwihlabathi liphela zinokuba namanqanaba aphezulu e- lead , anokungena ekutyeni naseziseloni xa esetyenziselwa ukulungisa, ukuphakela okanye ukugcina ukutya neziselo. Kunyaka ophelileyo, ngoJulayi 2024, ukuhlolwa kwe-lead egazini eNew York City kwafumanisa umfazi okhulelweyo kunye namalungu osapho amabini anezinga le-lead egazini elingaphezulu kwexabiso elirhangqiweyo le-3.5 µg/dL. Babesebenzise izixhobo zesinyithi zesinyithi zebronze nezebronze zemveli ukulungiselela nokuphakela ukutya neziselo.

Ukuze kuchongwe umthombo wokuvezwa okukhokelayo, ooFellows, u-KM et al (2024) bavavanya i-aluminiyamu yokupheka, izinto zobhedu kunye nezinto zentsimbi engenasici ezisetyenziswa ekuphekeni. Kwafunyaniswa ukuba iimveliso zokupheka ze-aluminiyam ezininzi zineengxenye ezingaphezu kwe-100 kwisigidi (ppm) selothe. Ngaphantsi kweemeko ezifaniswayo zokupheka kunye nokugcinwa, ezininzi i-leached lead (Pb) idlula imilinganiselo yokutya ekhuthazwayo. Iimbiza zobhedu nazo zibonise iziphumo ezifanayo ezivelisa amanqanaba aphezulu okukhokela. Kolu phononongo, okubangela umdla, i-cookware yensimbi engenastainless leached kancinci kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nezinto zealuminiyam kunye nobhedu.  

Kuyaziwa ukuba i-cookware yesinyithi eveliswa ziiyunithi ezithile kumazwe anengeniso esezantsi kunye nephakathi (LMICs) ezinomgangatho olinganiselweyo womgangatho kunye nolawulo zinoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwelothe. Uphononongo lwakutsha nje olwenziwa nguBinkhorst G., et al (2025) luphande ukuvezwa kwesikhokelo esinokubakho kwiimbiza zokupheka ze-aluminium kumazwe anengeniso ephantsi kunye nephakathi. Uhlalutyo lwe-113 ubukhulu becala iimbiza ze-aluminiyam ezintsha ezivela kwi-25 LMICs zibonise ukuba i-lead concentrations iyonke kwiimbiza yayisuka ku-<5 ppm ukuya phantse kwi-16,000 ppm, i-avareji ye-1600 ppm, kunye neyona nto iphezulu yokukhokela kwiimbiza ezivela eVietnam, ePakistan, e-Indonesia nase-Indiya. Ukugqithiswa kwe-lead ehamba phambili ukusuka kwi-<1-2900 μg / L i-avareji ye-100 μg / L emva kokubilisa i-4% ye-acetic acid kwi-2 h. Itotali kunye nokuvuza okulothe okuvuzayo kuye kwalinganiseka. Iimbiza zokupheka ezenziwe ngokuphosa ilothe ngokulinganayo xa kuthelekiswa neembiza ezenziwe ngealuminiyam esongwayo. Ugxininiso olunjalo olukhokelayo lunokubangela amanqanaba egazi adlula umda wongenelelo we-5 μg/dL kubantwana nakubafazi abakwiminyaka yokuzala. Oku kuqinisekiswa kokugqwesa okuphezulu okukhokelayo kwi-cookware kubaluleke ngokwaneleyo kungenelelo lwempilo yoluntu.   

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Iingxelo:  

1. Imiba ye-FDA iSilumkiso malunga neMiba yokupheka eNgaphandle enokuthi iKhokele. Okwangoku nge-13 ka-Agasti 2025.Ifumaneka e https://www.fda.gov/food/alerts-advisories-safety-information/fda-issues-warning-about-imported-cookware-may-leach-lead-august-2025 

2. UHore P, u-Alex-Oni K, u-Sedlar S, u-Bardhi N, u-Ehrlich J. Amanqanaba eGazi aPhakamileyo kuMfazi okhulelweyo kunye neNtsapho yakhe evela kwi-Traditional Kansa (iBronze) kunye ne-Pital (i-Brass) ye-Metalware - kwisixeko saseNew York, ngo-2024. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2025; 74:298–301. 22 Meyi 2025. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7418a1 

3. Abalingane, u-KM, uSamy, u-S. & Whittaker, SG Ukuvavanya i-cookware yesinyithi njengomthombo wokuvezwa kwelothe. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 35, 342-350 (2025). DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41370-024-00686-7 

4. Binkhorst G., et al 2025. Ukuvezwa okunokwenzeka okukhokelela kwiimbiza zokupheka ze-aluminiyam kumazwe anengeniso ephantsi kunye nephakathi. Ijenali Yezinto Eziyingozi. Umqulu. 492, 15 Julayi 2025, 138134. DOI: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138134  

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