Uphononongo oluNinzi lubonisa ukuba ukutya okuphakathi kweendawo ezahlukeneyo zokutya yeyona nto inxulumene nomngcipheko omncinci wokufa
Abaphandi baye baqulunqa idatha evela kuphononongo olukhulu lwehlabathi - Uphononongo olulindelekileyo lwe-Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE).1 ukuhlalutya ubudlelwane phakathi ukondla kwaye isifo. Balandele malunga nabathathi-nxaxheba be-135,000 abavela kumazwe e-18 (umvuzo ophantsi, umvuzo ophakathi kunye nomvuzo ophezulu) kumazwekazi amahlanu. Uphononongo luthathele ingqalelo ukutya kwabantu kwaye lwenze ulandelelwano malunga neminyaka eyi-7.4.
Uphononongo lufumene ukuba phezulu i-carbohydrate Ukutya kwakunxulunyaniswa nomngcipheko wokufa. Kwinkolelo eyaziwayo, isoloko ixutyushwa ukuba ukutya okuninzi okunamafutha okutya (amafutha ahluthayo, amafutha e-polyunsaturated kunye namafutha e-mono unsaturated) kuhambelana nomngcipheko ophantsi wokufa xa kuthelekiswa nokuthatha okuncinci. Nangona, amafutha ewonke okanye umntu ngamnye awazange adibane nomngcipheko wokuhlaselwa yintliziyo okanye naluphi na uhlobo olukhulu lwesifo senhliziyo. Nangona kunjalo, kwelinye icala, uphononongo lukwafumanise ukuba ukutya okuphezulu kwi-carbohydrates kunxulumene nokufa okuphezulu nangona kunomngcipheko omncinci i-cardiovascular isifo.
Ayiyi kuba sisibaxo ukuchaza ukuba olu phononongo kwi Lancet ngokuqinisekileyo iyabuza iinkolelo eziqhelekileyo kunye nezimvo malunga namafutha okutya kunye neziphumo zabo zonyango. Iziphumo zophononongo zinokubonakala “zimangalisa” njengoko zibonisa umfanekiso onokwenzeka owahluke kakhulu xa ujongwa ngokomxholo wezifundo zangaphambili. Ezi ngcinga nangona kunjalo, abaphandi bacacisa ukuba ezi ziphumo zitsha zihambelana kakhulu nezifundo ezininzi kunye nolingo olungenamkhethe oluye lwenziwa kumazwe aphuhlileyo kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini edlulileyo okanye kunjalo.
Kumazwe asaphuhlayo (kuMzantsi Asia ngakumbi), uphononongo lwafumanisa ukuba nakuphi na ukuhla kokutya okutyiwa kwamafutha kukhokelela ekwandeni kokusetyenziswa kwecarbohydrate. Abaphandi bachaza ukuba oku kunyuka kwe-carbohydrates kodwa kungekhona amafutha kwakunegalelo kumazinga aphezulu okufa eMzantsi Asia.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuqaphela ukuba izikhokelo zokutya kwihlabathi jikelele zijolise ikakhulu ekunciphiseni amanqatha emihla ngemihla ukuba abe ngaphantsi kwe-30 yeepesenti ubuncinane be-caloric yemihla ngemihla kunye namafutha ahluthayo ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-10 yeepesenti ye-caloric intake. Oku kusekwe kulwazi lokuba ukuncitshiswa kwamafutha (ingakumbi amafutha ahluthayo) kufuneka kunciphise umngcipheko i-cardiovascular isifo. Ezi zikhokelo zaphuhliswa ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 edlulileyo kwaye ukususela ngoko ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwamafutha kuye kwawa kumazwe asentshona. Nangona kunjalo, ababhali babonisa ukuba ezi zifundo kunye nezikhokelo ezixeliweyo ngaphambili azizange zihlale zithathela ingqalelo indlela amafutha ahluthayo atshintshwa ngayo ekutyeni okuchatshazelwa kakhulu yindawo yejografi kunye nentlalo yoluntu kunye nenkcubeko yabantu.
Enye ingxelo enxulumene nePURE epapashwe ngaxeshanye kwiLancet2 ivavanye ukusetyenziswa kwehlabathi jikelele kweziqhamo, imifuno kunye nemifuno kunye nobudlelwane bayo nokufa kunye nokuhlaselwa yintliziyo kunye nezifo. Ngelixa uphononongo lufumene isiphumo esiluncedo sokunyusa ukusetyenziswa kweziqhamo, imifuno, kunye nemifuno, eyona nzuzo iphezulu yabonwa kwii-servings ezintathu ukuya kwezine ngosuku (okanye i-375-500 grams iyonke) ngakumbi xa ityiwe ikrwada kunokuphekwa kwaye kungekho kongeza. inzuzo ekusebenziseni ngaphezulu. Oku kubaluleka kuba imifuno kwaye ngakumbi iziqhamo ziyinto yokutya ebiza imali eninzi kwaye ayifikeleleki kubemi abaninzi kwimimandla yaseAsia naseAfrika. Ke ngoko, okujoliswe kuko kobuncinane beenkonzo ezintathu ngosuku kuvakala ngathi kuyafikeleleka kwaye kuyafikeleleka. Oku kuxhokonxa ingcinga njengoko uninzi lwezikhokelo zokutya bezisoloko zincoma ubuncinci beenkonzo ezintlanu zemihla ngemihla kwaye azizange zihlule phakathi kweenzuzo zemifuno ekrwada vs ephekiweyo. umngcipheko wezifo zentliziyo, zenziwa ikakhulu kumazwe aphuhlileyo.
Iimbotyi eziquka iimbotyi, ii-ertyisi, iilentile, ii-ertyisi njlnjl. zityiwa rhoqo ngabantu abaninzi eMzantsi Asia, e-Afrika naseMzantsi Melika. Kufunyaniswe ukuba ukutya nje enye yemihla ngemihla kuyawunciphisa umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo kunye nokufa. Kuba iimbotyi zingatyiwa kakhulu eYurophu okanye kuMntla Melika, ukutshintsha isitatshi esifana ne-pasta okanye isonka esimhlophe kunye nemifuno eninzi iya kuba yinguqu ethembisayo yokutya kumazwe athuthukileyo.
Isifundo sokugqibela sesithathu kwi Isifo seswekile seLancet kunye ne-Endocrinology3 liqela elifanayo labaphandi bavavanya impembelelo yamafutha kunye ne-carbohydrates kwi-lipids yegazi kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi.Baye bafumanisa ukuba i-LDL (ebizwa ngokuba yi-cholesterol 'embi') ayithembekanga ekuqikeleleni imiphumo ye-fat saturated kwi-cardiovascular events. Endaweni yoko, umlinganiselo weeproteni ezi-2 eziququzelelayo (i-ApoBand ApoA1) egazini ibonelela ngeyona ndlela ibalaseleyo yempembelelo yamafutha ahluthayo kumngcipheko wentliziyo kwisigulana.
Uphononongo lwe-PURE lubandakanya abantu abavela kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yejografi engazange ifundwe ngaphambili (ingakumbi i-Asia ye-Asia kunye ne-Afrika) kunye nokwahlukana kwabantu abavavanyiweyo kolu phononongo lomeleza idatha malunga nokutya okunokunciphisa umngcipheko wesifo. Ababhali bagxininisa ukuba “yokumodareyitha” kwimiba emininzi yokutya kufuneka ibe yindlela ekhethwayo, ngokuchasene neengcinga ezidumileyo zokuba nokutya okuphantsi okanye okuphezulu kakhulu kwezondlo ezininzi. Umbono othi "yokumodareyitha” iba yeyona nto ibalulekileyo ukusukela oko zesondlo ukungoneli ngumceli mngeni omkhulu kumazwe asakhasayo xa kuthelekiswa nokugqithiswa kwesondlo kumazwe aphuhlileyo. Iziphumo zolu phononongo zisebenza kwihlabathi jikelele kwaye zinokuphakamisa "ukuqwalaselwa kwakhona" kwe ukondla imigaqo-nkqubo esekelwe kwiimeko zentlalo noqoqosho.
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{Unokufunda iphepha lokuqala lophando ngokunqakraza ikhonkco le-DOI elinikwe ngezantsi kuluhlu lwemithombo ecatshulweyo (s)}
Umthombo (s)
1. I-Dehghan Met al 2017. Imibutho yamafutha kunye nokutya kwe-carbohydrate kunye nesifo se-cardiovascular and mortality kumazwe e-18 ukusuka kumazwekazi amahlanu (PURE): Uphando oluza kubakho. Lancet. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32252-3
2. Yusuf S et al 2017. Iziqhamo, imifuno, kunye ne-legume intake, kunye nesifo senhliziyo kunye nokufa kumazwe e-18 (PURE): i-cohort study. Lancet. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32253-5
3. I-Mente A et al 2017. Umbutho wezondlo zokutya kunye ne-lipids yegazi kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi kumazwe e-18: uhlalutyo olunqamlezayo olusuka kwi-PURE study. Iswekile yeLancet kunye ne-Endocrinology. 5(10). https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(17)30283-8
