Ulingo lweklinikhi kubasetyhini abakhulelweyo abasengozini enkulu yokuzalwa komntwana ophantsi komntwana uye wabonisa ukuba ukutya kweMedithera okanye ukungenelela kokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwengqondo ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunciphisa ukuxhaphaka kokuzalwa okuphantsi kwe-29-36%.
Iintsana ezizelwe zinobunzima obuphantsi ( ubunzima obungaphantsi kwe-10 centile) zibanga i-10% yazo zonke iimveku ezizelweyo. Oku kunxulunyaniswa neengxaki zokuzalwa kunye neengxaki zempilo ezifana nophuhliso olubi lwemithambo-luvo ebuntwaneni kunye nomngcipheko ophezulu weengxaki zempilo ye-metabolic kunye ne-cardiovascular xa zikhulile. I-WHO iyayibona le meko njengenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo zokufa ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwihlabathi liphela. Ngelishwa, akukho ndlela zisekelwe kubungqina ezithile zokuthintela okanye ukuphucula le meko.
Uphando olupapashwe kutshanje lubonisa okokuqala ukuba ukukhula kosana olungekazalwa kunokuphuculwa ngokutshintsha indlela yokuphila yoomama. Olu phononongo lubonisa ukwehla kweentsana ezizalwa zinobunzima obuphantsi ukuya kuthi ga kwi-29% kunye ne-36% ngokungenelela ekutyeni komama kunye nokunciphisa amanqanaba akhe oxinzelelo.
Kuye kwabonwa iminyaka emininzi ukuba oomama beentsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa ezinobunzima obuphantsi babedla ngokutya ukutya okungaphantsi komlinganiselo kunye namanqanaba aphezulu oxinzelelo. Oku kukhokelele ekuyileni nasekuqhubeni uvavanyo lweklinikhi ukuze kufundwe ukuba ingaba ukungenelela okucwangcisiweyo okusekelwe kukutya kweMeditera okanye ukunciphisa uxinzelelo kunokunciphisa na ukunqongophala kokukhula kosana olusandul’ ukuzalwa kunye nezinye iingxaki zokukhulelwa.
Uphononongo lweminyaka emithathu lwe-IMPACT Barcelona lubandakanya ngaphezulu kwe-1,200 yabasetyhini abakhulelweyo abasemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba nomntwana omncinci ekuzalweni. Abasetyhini abakhulelweyo bahlulwa ngokungenamkhethe ngamaqela amathathu: enye apho baye batyelelwa kwisondlo sokutya ukuze balandele ukutya kweMedithera, iqela lesibini apho balandela inkqubo yengqondo yokunciphisa uxinzelelo, kunye neqela lokulawula ngokubeka iliso eliqhelekileyo. Ulandelelwano emva koko lwenziwa ukujonga ukuba umntwana ukhula njani kwaye ingaba kukho naziphi na iingxaki ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunye nokubeleka.
Ukungenelela kokutya kwakusekelwe kwiindlela ezisetyenziswe kwisifundo se-PREDIMED, esibonise inzuzo yokutya kweMedithera ukukhusela isifo senhliziyo, esavunywa yi-American Heart Association. Abasetyhini abakhulelweyo kweli qela babenotyelelo lwenyanga kunye nesondlo ukuze batshintshe iipatheni zabo zokutya kunye nokulungelelanisa oku kukutya kwaseMeditera, okubandakanya iziqhamo kunye nemifuno, inyama emhlophe, intlanzi enamafutha, iimveliso zobisi, ingqolowa epheleleyo kunye neemveliso eziphezulu kwi-omega-3 kunye neepolyphenols. Ke ngoko banikwa simahla ioyile yomnquma enyulu kunye neewalnuts. Abaphandi balinganisa i-biomarkers egazini kunye nomchamo onxulumene nokutya kwe-walnuts kunye neoli yeoli ukwenzela ukuvavanya ngokuchanekileyo ukuba babambelele kolu ngenelelo.
Ungenelelo lokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwalusekelwe kwiMindfulness-Based Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) inkqubo eyenziwe yiYunivesithi yaseMassachusetts kwaye iguqulelwe ekukhulelweni ngabaphandi beBarcelona. Amaqela amabhinqa angama-20-25 asekwa ukuba alandele inkqubo yokukhulelwa elungelelanisiweyo kwiiveki ezisibhozo. Amaxwebhu emibuzo agqitywe ekuqaleni nasekupheleni kwenkqubo kwaye amanqanaba eehomoni ezinxulumene noxinzelelo, i-cortisol kunye ne-cortisone, aye alinganiswa ukuze kubonwe ukuba kukho nakuphi na ukuncipha koxinzelelo okwenzekileyo.
Olu phononongo lubonise, okokuqala, ukuba ukutya kwaseMedithera okanye ukunyamekela ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunciphisa ipesenti yobunzima obuphantsi bokuzalwa kwaye kuphucula iingxaki ekukhulelweni, ezifana ne-preeclampsia okanye ukufa kwangaphambi kokuzalwa, xa kusetyenziswa ngendlela ecwangcisiweyo nekhokelwayo. Abafazi abakhulelweyo kwiqela lolawulo babene-21.9% yeentsana ezisandula ukuzalwa ezinobunzima obuphantsi , kwaye le pesenti yehliswe kakhulu kukutya kwaseMedithera (14%) kunye namaqela okunyamekela (15.6%).
Abaphandi ngoku baceba uphando oluya kumaziko amaninzi ukuze basebenzise ezi ziphumo kuye nawuphi na umfazi okhulelweyo, ngaphandle kwemfuneko yokuba abe sengozini yokuba nomntwana onobunzima obuphantsi.
Ubungqina obubonelelwe kolu phononongo (ukuba ukungenelela kwendlela yokuphila komama okufana nokutya kweMeditera kunye nengqondo kunokuphucula ukukhula komntwana kunye nokunciphisa iingxaki ze-neonatal) kufuneka kube luncedo ekuqulunqeni iinkqubo zokuThintelwa kobunzima bokuzalwa obuncinci bexesha le-Gestational kwiNtsana ezisanda kuzalwa.
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Imithombo:
- Crovetto F., okqhubekayo 2021. Iimpembelelo zokutya kweMeditera okanye ukuNcitshiswa koxinzelelo oluSekwe kwiNgqondo ekuThintelweni kobunzima bokuzalwa obuncinci bexesha le-Gestational kwiintsana ezisanda kuzalwa ezizalelwa kuMngcipheko kubantu abakhulelweyo. I-IMPACT BCN iRandomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2021;326(21): 2150-2160.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2021.20178
- Ukuphucula oomama kuvavanyo olungcono lwe-PrenAtal Care Trial Barcelona (IMPACTBCN) https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03166332
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