Ulingo lweklinikhi kubasetyhini abakhulelweyo abasengozini enkulu yokuzalwa komntwana ophantsi komntwana uye wabonisa ukuba ukutya kweMedithera okanye ukungenelela kokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwengqondo ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunciphisa ukuxhaphaka kokuzalwa okuphantsi kwe-29-36%.
Ukuzalwa okuphantsi ubunzima abantwana (ukuzalwa ubunzima ngaphantsi kwe-10th centile) yenza i-10% yabo bonke abazalwayo. Oku kuhambelana neengxaki zokuzalwa kunye impilo iingxaki ezinje nge-neurodevelopment ehlwempuzekileyo ebuntwaneni kunye nomngcipheko ophezulu we-metabolic kunye neengxaki zempilo yentliziyo ebudaleni. WHO iyayiqonda le meko njengenye yezona zizathu zibalulekileyo zokufa komntwana ongekazalwa kwihlabathi liphela. Ngelishwa, azikho iindlela ezisekelwe kubungqina bokuthintela okanye ukuphucula le meko.
Uphando olupapashwe kutshanje lubonisa okokuqala ukuba ukukhula komntwana kunokuphuculwa ngokutshintshwa kwendlela yokuphila komama. Uphononongo lubonisa ukuncitshiswa kokuzalwa okuphantsi-ubunzima iintsana ukuya kutsho kuma-29% kunye nama-36% ngokungenelela kwisondlo sikamama kunye nokuthoba inqanaba loxinzelelo lwakhe.
Kuye kwaphawulwa iminyaka emininzi ukuba oomama abakhulelweyoubunzima iintsana ezisanda kuzalwa bezisoloko zinesondlo esisezantsi kunye namanqanaba aphezulu oxinzelelo. Oku kukhokelele ekuyileni nasekuqhubeni ulingo lweklinikhi ukufunda ukuba ukungenelela okucwangcisiweyo okusekwe kukutya kweMeditera okanye ukunciphisa uxinzelelo kunokunciphisa umda wokukhula komntwana kunye nezinye iingxaki zokukhulelwa.
Uphononongo lweminyaka emithathu lwe-IMPACT Barcelona lubandakanya ngaphezulu kwe-1,200 yabasetyhini abakhulelweyo abasemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba nomntwana omncinci ekuzalweni. Abasetyhini abakhulelweyo bahlulwa ngokungenamkhethe ngamaqela amathathu: enye apho baye batyelelwa kwisondlo sokutya ukuze balandele ukutya kweMedithera, iqela lesibini apho balandela inkqubo yengqondo yokunciphisa uxinzelelo, kunye neqela lokulawula ngokubeka iliso eliqhelekileyo. Ulandelelwano emva koko lwenziwa ukujonga ukuba umntwana ukhula njani kwaye ingaba kukho naziphi na iingxaki ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunye nokubeleka.
Ukungenelela kokutya kwakusekelwe kwiindlela ezisetyenziswe kwisifundo se-PREDIMED, esibonise inzuzo yokutya kweMedithera ukukhusela isifo senhliziyo, esavunywa yi-American Heart Association. Abasetyhini abakhulelweyo kweli qela babenotyelelo lwenyanga kunye nesondlo ukuze batshintshe iipatheni zabo zokutya kunye nokulungelelanisa oku kukutya kwaseMeditera, okubandakanya iziqhamo kunye nemifuno, inyama emhlophe, intlanzi enamafutha, iimveliso zobisi, ingqolowa epheleleyo kunye neemveliso eziphezulu kwi-omega-3 kunye neepolyphenols. Ke ngoko banikwa simahla ioyile yomnquma enyulu kunye neewalnuts. Abaphandi balinganisa i-biomarkers egazini kunye nomchamo onxulumene nokutya kwe-walnuts kunye neoli yeoli ukwenzela ukuvavanya ngokuchanekileyo ukuba babambelele kolu ngenelelo.
Ungenelelo lokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwalusekelwe kwiMindfulness-Based Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) inkqubo eyenziwe yiYunivesithi yaseMassachusetts kwaye iguqulelwe ekukhulelweni ngabaphandi beBarcelona. Amaqela amabhinqa angama-20-25 asekwa ukuba alandele inkqubo yokukhulelwa elungelelanisiweyo kwiiveki ezisibhozo. Amaxwebhu emibuzo agqitywe ekuqaleni nasekupheleni kwenkqubo kwaye amanqanaba eehomoni ezinxulumene noxinzelelo, i-cortisol kunye ne-cortisone, aye alinganiswa ukuze kubonwe ukuba kukho nakuphi na ukuncipha koxinzelelo okwenzekileyo.
Uphononongo lubonise, ngokokuqala ngqa, ukuba ukutya kweMeditera okanye ukunyamekela ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunciphisa ipesenti yokuzalwa okuphantsi. ubunzima kunye nokuphucula iingxaki ekukhulelweni, ezifana ne-preeclampsia okanye ukufa kwe-perinatal, xa isetyenziswe ngendlela ehleliweyo, ekhokelwayo. Abasetyhini abakhulelweyo kwiqela lolawulo babene-21.9% yokuzalwa okuphantsi ubunzima iintsana ezisanda kuzalwa, kwaye le pesenti yancitshiswa kakhulu kukutya kweMeditera (14%) kunye nokuqaphela (15.6%) amaqela.
Abaphandi ngoku bayila i-multicenter isifundo ukufaka ezi ziphumo kuye nawuphi na owasetyhini okhulelweyo, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuba sengozini yokuba nesezantsi ubunzima umntwana.
Ubungqina obubonelelwe kolu phononongo (ukuba ukungenelela kwendlela yokuphila komama okufana nokutya kweMeditera kunye nengqondo kunokuphucula ukukhula komntwana kunye nokunciphisa iingxaki ze-neonatal) kufuneka kube luncedo ekuqulunqeni iinkqubo zokuThintelwa kobunzima bokuzalwa obuncinci bexesha le-Gestational kwiNtsana ezisanda kuzalwa.
***
Imithombo:
- Crovetto F., okqhubekayo 2021. Iimpembelelo zokutya kweMeditera okanye ukuNcitshiswa koxinzelelo oluSekwe kwiNgqondo ekuThintelweni kobunzima bokuzalwa obuncinci bexesha le-Gestational kwiintsana ezisanda kuzalwa ezizalelwa kuMngcipheko kubantu abakhulelweyo. I-IMPACT BCN iRandomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2021;326(21): 2150-2160.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2021.20178
- Ukuphucula oomama kuvavanyo olungcono lwe-PrenAtal Care Trial Barcelona (IMPACTBCN) https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03166332
***
