Ngoku lilizwi jikelele ukuba i-homeopathy 'ayikholeleki ngokwenzululwazi' kwaye 'esesikweni ayamkelekanga' kwaye kufuneka 'yaliwe' licandelo lezempilo.
Abasemagunyeni kwezempilo ngoku bayakuchasa ukuchitha imali karhulumente kunye nemali yoluntu kunye nezibonelelo 'kwizinto ezingento'. i-homeopathy kuba oku kunika kuphela ukuthembeka kolu qheliselo lungenangqondo kwaye lubeka ubomi babantu emngciphekweni ngokuphepha okanye ukubakhanyela amayeza afanelekileyo kunye nokhathalelo. Ukungafezeki kwe-homeopathy ngoku kusekwe kakhulu kuba amalungiselelo e-homeopathic ahlanjululwa kakhulu ngoko ke awaqulathanga naziphi na izixa ezibalulekileyo "ezibizwa ngokuba" izithako ezisebenzayo kwaye ke ngoko akanakuba nalo naluphi na uhlobo lwesiphumo kwisigulana. Kananjalo abukho ubungqina obubambekayo obukhoyo bokuxhasa ukusebenza kwayo ngaphandle kophando oluninzi oluqhutywayo.
I-European Academies Science Advisory Council (EASAC), umbutho weambrela omele ii-academy zesizwe ze-29 eYurophu ubiza imimiselo eqinile yokulawula ukusasazeka. i-homeopathy kwingxelo yabo epapashwe kutshanje1. Amaziko emfundo angamalungu ngoku abethelela ukugxekwa okukhulu kumabango ohlukeneyo ezempilo nawenzululwazi enzelwe I-homeopathic iimveliso. Uhlalutyo kunye nezigqibo kule ngxelo zisekwe kuvavanyo olugqwesileyo, olungakhethi buso lwezenzululwazi esele lupapashwe ngabasemagunyeni bomthetho. Iqela liye lagxininisa ukuba nangona kulungile ukuba neendlela ezizezinye kunyango kodwa zonke ezi kufuneka ziqhutywe ngokungqongqo bubungqina kwaye kungekhona i-hyperbole yokucinga okunqwenelayo okubeka izigulana emngciphekweni owongezelelweyo.
IHomeopathy: into engenakwenzeka ngokwenzululwazi
Okokuqala nokuphambili, eyona nto iphambili ye-homeopathy ayinakwenzeka ngokwesayensi. Kukho ukunqongophala ngokupheleleyo kwenkxaso yenzululwazi kuzo zonke iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezibangwa yi-homeopathy. Uninzi lwamayeza alo alungiswa ngokuxutywa okuphindaphindiweyo kwamanzi (ngokusekwe kwithiyori yokuba 'into' iyakushiya 'ushicilelo' emanzini) okukhokelela kwisisombululo esingaguqukiyo okanye esingenamsebenzi esingenamkhondo 'wento yokuqala' ekuyo. yona. Le ndlela, okokuqala, iyasilela ukuthetheleleka2 kuba ayivakali kwaye ayibonakali kwaye ayilandeli imigaqo yokusebenzisana neziyobisi kwi-pharmacology.3.Le migaqo sele imiselwe ixesha elide ukucacisa ukusebenzisana kwe-drug-receptor kunye nokubeka imigaqo ephakathi kulo naliphi na iyeza / iyeza xa lihanjiswa kwinkqubo yezinto eziphilayo. Le migaqo ithe yaxhaswa amaxesha ngamaxesha ngophando oluqhubekayo4. Ngaphaya koko, abukho nobunye ubungqina benzululwazi bayo nayiphi na indlela ebangwayo yi-homeopathy kubandakanywa nemiqondiso yombane we-electromagnetic (ukuba ikhona) kwaye kuthiwa 'yinkumbulo yamanzi'.2.
Okwesibini, makhe sihlalutye 'imechanism' yehomeopathy ngokubanzi. Ukujonga kwisakhiwo sekhemikhali samanzi, ukuba nayiphi na isithako esichithwe kuyo ilandelwa yi-dilutions emininzi ye-serial, ngoko ke impembelelo yangempela yesi sithako kumanzi iya kuba yoluhlu olufutshane kakhulu (kwi-nanometers, i-10-9 iimitha) kwaye ke impembelelo ayizukunabela ngaphaya komgangatho wehydration ngoko ke ingabinaziphumo zexesha elide. Oku kucetywayo kwizifundo ezahlukeneyo zenzululwazi ezisekelwe kwiziphumo zespectroscopy kunye nemilinganiselo echaza iziphumo zokulandelelana kweemolekyuli kunye nokunxibelelana esithubeni kunye nexesha.5,6. Ke ngoko, ubume bekhemikhali kunye notshintsho lwamanzi ngokwawo luyaliphikisa ibango elenziweyo lokuba isithako esinyibilikiswa emanzini ngokuhlanjululwa okulandelelanayo sishiya naluphi na 'ushicilelo' kuwo konke konke-umbono ophakathi apho. i-homeopathy isekelwe phezu- kwaye ezi ngcaciso ziye zapapashwa amaxesha ngamaxesha ukubonisa ubungqina bezenzululwazi bokungabinakwenzeka kwenkumbulo yamanzi 'yexesha elide' elicetywayo.7,8.
Isiphumo se-placebo: amathuba amaninzi onyango
Oosonzululwazi bathi njengoko unyango lwe-homeopathic lungenakwenzeka ngokwenzululwazi, kwaye 'iipilisi zeswekile' ze-homeopathy aziqulathanga naziphi na izithako ezisebenzayo, naluphi na uncedo olubonwayo kwisigulana lunokubangelwa ikakhulu yimpembelelo ye-placebo - xa abantu bekholelwa ukuba iipilisi ziya kunceda. kunye nemeko, le nkolelo inokubangela impendulo yokuphilisa kwaye ixesha elininzi, ikhosi yendalo yokugula kunye nokunciphisa kuya kukhathalela izinto. Ezi ziganeko ziqala ukusasaza uluvo olungeyonyani lokuba i-homeopathy iluncedo. Uhlalutyo olubanzi loncwadi lwezilingo ze-homeopathy ezili-110 kunye ne-110 ehambelana nolingo lwamayeza oluqhelekileyo lubonisiwe.9 Uvavanyo olufanayo oluqinisekisa ukuba iziphumo zonyango lwe-homeopathy ngokwezibalo ziyafana kakhulu neziphumo ze-placebo. Ngaphaya koko, uphononongo oluneenkcukacha zohlalutyo lwemeta ezinkulu ezintlanu zovavanyo olwahlukileyo lwe-homeopathic lukwaqukumbele iziphumo ezifanayo.9,10. Kolu hlalutyo zonke iindlela ezingonelanga, i-bias kunye ne-random statistics yahluka kwaye yabonisa ukuba iyeza le-homeopathy livelise iziphumo ezifanayo ngokwezibalo xa kuthelekiswa ne-placebo kwaye akukho nto.
I-Database ye-Cochrane yoPhononongo oluCwangcisiweyo (CDSR)11 ngumthombo okhokelayo, othembekileyo wokuphononongwa okucwangcisiweyo kukhathalelo lwempilo.Olu phononongo lubanzi kakhulu, lubandakanya iiprotocol eziphononongwa ngoontanga, iinkqubo zovavanyo olusemgangathweni kunye nohlalutyo olubalulekileyo lwedatha. Uphononongo lwe-Cochrane lonyango lwe-homeopathic lubandakanya ezo zedementia, isifuba, i-autism, umkhuhlane kunye nezinye ezininzi kwaye uhlolo olucwangcisiweyo olwenziwe kolu phononongo luqukumbela ubungqina obuthi 'hayi' okanye 'abanelanga' ukuvavanya nasiphi na isiphumo esinokubakho se-homeopathy. Ingxoxo-mpikiswano epapashwe kwi-2015 kwi-British Medical Journal12 ibonisa uphononongo olubanzi loncwadi oluxoxa ngokusebenza kwe-homeopathy kunye namabango ekuphikiswana ngawo abekwe yimithombo eyahlukeneyo exhasa okanye ekhuthaza amabango e-homeopathy.
Imibuzo ephakanyisiweyo malunga nokhuseleko kunye nomgangatho
Ekubeni iyeza le-homeopathic okanye ukulungiswa kukholelwa ukuba kuhlanjululwe kwiidigri ezininzi, kucingelwa kakuhle ukuba akukho mibuzo kufuneka iphakanyiswe malunga naluphi na uhlobo lweenkxalabo zokhuseleko. Izazinzulu ezininzi zikholelwa ukuba oku kusenokungabi yinyani ngokuyimfuneko. Ngokomzekelo, kwingxelo yakutshanje, isithako sokuqala (i-belladonna) seyeza le-homeopathic teething kwiintsana kwafunyaniswa ukuba sinetyhefu kwaye yakhokelela kwiziphumo ezibi kwizigulana.13. Obo bungqina - obuphandwe yi-USA's Food and Drug Administration (FDA) - ngokunqongophala kokucaca kunye nokuthomalalisa kukhuseleko kunye nomgangatho ngabasebenzi be-homeopathic ngunobangela omkhulu wenkxalabo kwaye ufuna ingqwalasela ekhawulezileyo. Iimfuno zolawulo ezihambelanayo kakhulu kufuneka zibekho ukubonisa ukusebenza kunye nokhuseleko lwazo zonke iimveliso ze-homeopathic (ezisetyenziswa ekulungiseleleni amayeza) kwaye ezi kufuneka zisekelwe kubungqina obuqinisekisiweyo kunye nobungqina obuqinileyo besayensi leyo okwangoku ingenjalo. Kuba kungekho bungqina bucacileyo bukhoyo, ezi mveliso ze-homeopathic zicetyiswa ngabasemagunyeni ukuba zingavunywa okanye zibhaliswe konke konke.1.
Ukugcina umonde ebumnyameni
Ngokwenyani, ngalo naluphi na uhlobo lonyango, kunokwenzeka ukuba kubekho iqondo elithile lesiphumo se-placebo, kungoko oku kunokuba yinyani kwi-homeopathy. Okubangela umdla kukuba, abaxhasi be-homeopathy bathi ukuba isigulana siva isiphumo se-placebo ngoko kukho 'inzuzo' kwisigulana. Izazinzulu ziphikisa ngelithi ukuba oku kuchanekile ngenene kwaye i-homeopaths iyayamkela into yokuba i-'placebo' yeyona nto iluncedo ke ngoko baxokisa izigulane ngokubanga ezinye iinkalo ezingenakufikelelwa kwaye bangasazisi ngokucacileyo isigulana ngesiphumo se-placebo. Le ndlela ichasene nenqununu ephambili yeenqobo zokuziphatha kwintsimi yezonyango - ukungafihli kunye nesigulane kunye nemvume enolwazi yonyango.
Kwakhona, izisombululo ze-homeopathic azizange zityhilwe kwizigulana ezibenza ukuba baqikelele nje ngalo lonke elo xesha kuthiwa lunyango. Kuninzi lwamachiza e-homeopathic, ibhotile ayibhalwanga ngokufanelekileyo kunye nezithako kwaye ayikaze igxininiswe ukuba ukusebenza kwayo kusekelwe kuphela kwiithiyori zendabuko ze-homeopathic ngaphandle kwenkxaso yazo naziphi na iingcamango zesayensi. Ngokuchaseneyo noko, i-homeopaths yenza amabango athe ngqo okanye achaziweyo ukuba amachiza abo anokunyanga iimeko ezahlukeneyo zonyango. Zonke ezi nkalo azikho ngokweenqobo ezisesikweni kwaye ezi zilahlekisa uluntu ngokubanzi. Ukujongana noku, i-EASAC, umzekelo, iye yamisela imigaqo phakathi kweYurophu1 ukunciphisa amabango athandabuzekayo kunye nobuxoki, izibhengezo ezilahlekisayo ezenziwa ziihomeopaths. Babeke izithintelo kumajelo eendaba kunyango lwe-homeopathic kuwo onke amajelo oluntu kunye noluntu impilo iinkqubo. Okwangoku, baye bakwenza isinyanzelo kwiilebhile zemveliso ye-homeopathic ukuchonga ngokucacileyo izithako kunye nemali yazo yolwazi lwezigulane.
Isenzo siyafuneka ngoku!
Amanyathelo anjalo kufuneka aphunyezwe kumazwe apho i-homeopathy sele ixhaphakile umz. i-India ne-Brazil. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza uluntu luqonde ukuba i-homeopathy ayilandeli imigaqo esisiseko yeenqobo ezisesikweni kwaye ukuhamba ngale ndlela kudala ulibaziseko olungeyomfuneko ekufuneni unyango olufanelekileyo. Kwakhona iba ngumsebenzi wokuziphatha komntu wonke ukhathalelo lwempilo Ngamafutshane, ihomeopathy ibhidaniswa neemveliso zendalo ezifana namayeza esintu (amanye awo anokubonakala ngathi angaphezulu kwe-placebos). ). Ngoko ke, abeendaba banokudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuququzeleleni ukusasazwa ngokuchanekileyo kobungqina bolwazi lwesayensi eluntwini.
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{Unokufunda iphepha lokuqala lophando ngokunqakraza ikhonkco le-DOI elinikwe ngezantsi kuluhlu lwemithombo ecatshulweyo (s)}
Umthombo (s)
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2. Grimes DR 2012. Iindlela ezicetywayo ze-homeopathy azinakwenzeka ngokwasemzimbeni. Gxininisa kuNyango olulolunye kunye noLongezelelweyo. 17(3). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7166.2012.01162.x
3. Tallarida noJacob 1979. Ubudlelwane beDose-Impendulo kwi-Pharmacology. Springer-Verlag.
4. Aronson JK. 2007. Ugxininiso-impembelelo kunye ne-dose-response kwi-pharmacology yeklinikhi. Ijenali yaseBritane yeClinical Pharmacology. 63(3). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.k2927
5. Anick DJ 2004. Uvakalelo oluphezulu lwe-1H-NMR i-spectroscopy yamayeza e-homeopathic eyenziwe emanzini. I-BMC eyongezelelweyo kunye neyeza elilolunye. 4(15). https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-4-15
6. USirnemann G et al. 2013. Iinkqubo zokukhawulezisa kunye nokucuthwa kotshintsho lwamanzi ngee-ion. Ijenali yeAmerican Chemical Society. 135(32). https://doi.org/10.1021/ja405201s
7. Texeira J. 2007. Ngaba amanzi anokuba nenkumbulo? Umbono othandabuzayo. I-Homeopathy. 96(3).
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9. UShang A et al. 2005. Ngaba iziphumo zekliniki ze-homeopathy ye-placebo iziphumo? Uphononongo oluthelekisayo lwezilingo ezilawulwa yi-placebo ze-homeopathy kunye ne-allopathy. I-Lancet. 366(9487) https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67177-2
10. Goldacre B 2007. Iinzuzo kunye nobungozi be-homeopathy. ILancet. 370(9600).
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13. Abbasi J. 2017. Phakathi kweengxelo zokufa kweentsana, i-FTC iyancipha kwi-homeopathy ngelixa i-FDA iphanda. Ijenali yoMbutho wezoNyango waseMelika. 317. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.19090
