I-SARS-CoV-2: Inzulu kangakanani i-B.1.1.529 eyahlukileyo, ngoku ebizwa ngokuba yi-Omicron

Ukwahluka kwe-B.1.1.529 kwaxelwa okokuqala kwi-WHO ukusuka eMzantsi Afrika nge-24^th NgoNovemba 2021. Usulelo lokuqala olwaziwayo oluqinisekisiweyo lwe-B.1.1.529 lwaluvela kumzekelo oqokelelwe nge-9^th Novemba 2021¹. Omnye umthombo² ibonisa ukuba lo mahluko waqala ukuchongwa kwiisampuli eziqokelelwe ngo-11^th NgoNovemba 2021 eBotswana nangomhla we-14^th NgoNovemba 2021 eMzantsi Afrika. Ukusukela ngoko, inani le-COVID-19 liye landa phantse kuwo onke amaphondo aseMzantsi Afrika. Njengakwi27^th NgoNovemba ka-2021, amatyala amatsha alo mahluko axelwe eBelgium, eHong Kong, kwaSirayeli, eUnited Kingdom.³, eJamani, eItali naseCzech Republic ezo zonke zihamba zihambelana nemvelaphi.  

Enkosi kwabasemagunyeni boMzantsi Afrika ngokuthatha ixesha ekunxibelelaneni kunye nokwabelana ngolwazi olufanelekileyo kunye noluntu lwenzululwazi yehlabathi ukuze iqela leengcaphephe ze-WHO lidibane ngama-26.^th NgoNovemba 2021 kwaye ngokukhawuleza uchonge lo mahluko njengokwahluka kwenkxalabo (VOC). Ubuzaza balo mba bunokujongwa kwinto yokuba i-B.1.1.529 yachongwa njengeyantlukwano phantsi kweliso (VUM) kwiintsuku ezimbini ezidlulileyo ngowama-24^th NgoNovemba 2021 ngaphambi kokuchongwa njengeVOC nge-26^th NgoNovemba 2021 ngaphandle kokuchongwa kuqala njengeyantlukwano phantsi kophando (VOI).  

Itheyibhile: I-SARS-CoV-2 Ukwahluka kwenkxalabo (VOC) ukusuka nge-26 Novemba 2021 

Ukungxamiseka ekuchongeni i-B.1.1.529 njengomahluko wenkxalabo (VOC) kwaqinisekiswa kuba kwafunyaniswa ukuba lo mahluko ngowona mahluko wahlukileyo we-SARS-CoV-2 ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Xa kuthelekiswa nentsholongwane ye-SARS-CoV-2 eyabhaqwa e-Wuhan, e-China, oku kunotshintsho olumalunga nama-30 e-amino acid, ukususwa okuncinci oku-3 kunye nokufakwa okuncinci kwiprotein ye-spike. Kolu tshintsho, i-1 ifumaneka kwi-domain binding domain (RBD), inxalenye yentsholongwane evumela ukuba ingene kwiiseli zomntu, ezikhokelela kwintsholongwane. Olu lwahluko lukwanalo notshintsho oluninzi kunye nokususwa kweminye imimandla ye-genomic². Iinguqu zenguqu zibanzi kangangokuba umntu unokulubiza ngokuba luxinzelelo olutsha, endaweni yolunye uhlobo. Isixa esikhulu ngokumangalisayo soguqulo lwe-spike kuthetha ukonyuka kwamathuba okubaleka kwizilwa-buhlungu ezaziwayo ezenza lo mahluko ube ngumcimbi oxhalabisa kakhulu.⁵.  

Ukutshintshela kwizinto ezintsha ezahlukeneyo kuqhelekile kwii-coronavirus. Ibisoloko iyindalo yezinto ukuba ii-coronavirus zitshintshe kwi-genomes yazo ngamazinga aphezulu kakhulu, ngenxa yokunqongophala kokuvavanywa kwemisebenzi ye-nuclease yeepolymerases zazo; ngakumbi usasazo, iimpazamo zophindaphindo kwaye kungoko iinguqulelo ezininzi ziqokelelana kwigenome, ezikhokelela kukwahluka okutsha. Ii-coronavirus zabantu zisakha iinguqulelo ukwenza izinto ezintsha kwimbali yamva nje. Kwakukho iindidi ezininzi ezinoxanduva lwezifo ezibulalayo ukusukela ngo-1966, xa isiqendu sokuqala sarekhodwa⁶. Kodwa, kutheni le nto inguqu enkulu kangaka ngokugqabhuka nje okukodwa? Inokuba, ngenxa yokuba i-B.1.1.529 eyahlukileyo yavela ngexesha losulelo olungapheliyo lomntu ogonyelwe, mhlawumbi isigulane se-HIV / AIDS⁷.  

Nokuba yintoni na unobangela wotshintsho olumandla, ukuba isantya esiye sanwenwa ngaso eMzantsi Afrika siso nasiphi na isibonakaliso, ukuvela kolu tshintsho lunokuba negalelo elikhulu kugonyo, ukosulela kunye nokonakala kunye nokusebenza kwezitofu zokugonya ezikhoyo, ezisetyenziswayo ngoku.  

Nokuba amayeza okugonya asele ekhona aya kuhlala esebenza ngokuchasene nalo mahluko mtsha okanye ukuba kuya kubakho iimeko ezininzi zosulelo lwempumelelo yesitofu, akukho datha encinci ekhoyo ngoku ukwenza nasiphi na isigqibo. Nangona kunjalo, kuphononongo lwakutsha nje, umahluko owenziweyo kunye neenguqu ezingama-20 kwiprotein ye-spike ibonise ukubaleka ngokupheleleyo kwii-antibodies.⁷. Oku kubonisa ukuba ulwahlulo olutsha lwe-B.1.1.529 kunye neenguqu ezikhulayo ezingaphezulu, zingabonisa ukunciphisa kakhulu ukungathathi hlangothi ngama-antibodies. Umehluko omtsha, nangona kunjalo, ubonakala ngathi usasazeke ngakumbi uhamba ngesantya esikhawulezayo apho ithathe indawo yokwahluka kweDelta eMzantsi Afrika, nangona idatha yangoku ingonelanga ngokwaneleyo ukwenza naluphi na uqikelelo oluthembekileyo. Ngokufanayo, akunakwenzeka ukuphawula malunga nobukhulu beempawu kweli nqanaba.  

Ngenxa yenyani yokuba iYurophu sele ishukuma ngenani eliphezulu ngokungaqhelekanga le-COVID 19 (ngenxa yokwahluka kwe-delta esasazekayo) kwezi veki zimbalwa zidlulileyo kunye nesantya esikhawulezayo apho. Micron (B.1.1.529) umahluko usasazeke eMzantsi Afrika kutshanje uthatha indawo yokwahluka kwedelta, amazwe aliqela aseYurophu aquka i-UK, iJamani kunye ne-Italiyane abeke izithintelo zokuhamba ekufikeni kwabasuka eMzantsi Afrika nakumazwe angabamelwane afana neBotswana, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia kunye Angola. Esoyikela okona kubi, uSirayeli uza kuvala ukungena kweendwendwe ezivela kuwo onke amazwe.  

Ihlabathi lityale imali eninzi kakhulu ekuphuhliseni nasekulawuleni amayeza okugonya i-COVID-19 ukukhusela abantu kubhubhane. Umbuzo ongowona uphezulu engqondweni yezazinzulu kunye nabasemagunyeni ngokufanayo kukuba ingaba izitofu eziphambili ze-COVID-19 ezifana nePfizer-BioNTech, Oxford-AstraZeneca, Moderna, Johnson & Johnson ziya kuhlala zisebenza ngokuchasene ne-Omicron (B.1.1.529) eyahlukileyo ngokunjalo. . Oku kuphenjelelwa kukuba sele kuxelwe ulwasulelo oluhamba phambili eMzantsi Afrika. Amatyala amabini aseHong Kong nawo afumene amayeza okugonya⁹. 

Ukuphuhliswa kogonyo lwe-''pan-coronavirus'¹⁰ (amaqonga okugonya amaninzi¹¹) kubonakala ngathi yimfuno yeyure. Kodwa, ngokukhawuleza, kunokwenzeka ukwenza ngokukhawuleza idosi ye-booster ye-mRNA kunye nogonyo lwe-DNA olugubungela utshintsho. Ukongeza, esanda kuvunywa ii-antivirals (iMerck's Molnupiravir kunye nePfizer's Paxlovid) kufuneka zibe luncedo ekukhuseleni abantu esibhedlele nasekufeni.   

 *** 

Iingxelo:  

1. I-WHO 2021. Iindaba - Ukuhlelwa kwe-Omicron (B.1.1.529): Ukwahluka kwe-SARS-CoV-2 ye-Concern. Ipapashwe nge-26 Novemba 2021. Iyafumaneka kwi-intanethi https://www.who.int/news/item/26-11-2021-classification-of-omicron-(b.1.1.529)-sars-cov-2-variant-of-concern  

2. Iziko laseYurophu loThintelo noLawulo lweZifo. Iimpembelelo zokuvela kunye nokusasazeka kwe-SARSCoV-2 B.1.1. I-529 eyahlukileyo yenkxalabo (i-Omicron), ye-EU / EEA. 26 Novemba 2021. ECDC: Stockholm; 2021. Iyafumaneka kwi-intanethi https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data/threat-assessment-brief-emergence-sars-cov-2-variant-b.1.1.529  

3. UK Govt 2021. Ukukhutshwa kweendaba - Iimeko zokuqala zase-UK zokwahluka kwe-Omicron ezichongiweyo. Ipapashwe nge-27 Novemba 2021. Ifumaneka e https://www.gov.uk/government/news/first-uk-cases-of-omicron-variant-identified   

4. WHO, 2021. Ukulandelela ukwahluka kwe-SARS-CoV-2. Iyafumaneka kwi-intanethi https://www.who.int/en/activities/tracking-SARS-CoV-2-variants/ 

5. GitHub, 2021. Thomas Peacock: B.1.1 decendant ezinxulumene ne-Afrika eseMazantsi enenani eliphezulu leSpike mutations #343. Iyafumaneka kwi-intanethi https://github.com/cov-lineages/pango-designation/issues/343 

6. I-Prasad U.2021. Iintlobo ngeentlobo zeCoronavirus: Into esiyaziyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Inzululwazi yaseYurophu. Ithunyelwe nge-12 kaJulayi 2021. Iyafumaneka kwi-intanethi https://www.scientificeuropean.co.uk/covid-19/variants-of-coronavirus-what-we-know-so-far/ 

7. GAVI 2021. Umsebenzi wokugonya – Yintoni esiyaziyo malunga ne-B.1.1.529 coronavirus eyahlukileyo entsha kwaye kufuneka sibe nexhala? Ifumaneka e https://www.gavi.org/vaccineswork/what-we-know-about-new-b11529-coronavirus-variant-so-far 

8. Schmidt, F., Weisblum, Y., Rutkowska, M. et al. Isithintelo esiphakamileyo sofuzo kwi-SARS-CoV-2 i-polyclonal engathathi hlangothi ukubaleka kwe-antibody. Indalo (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-04005-0 

9. Ukwahluka kwe-coronavirus eguqulwe kakhulu kubeka izazinzulu zilumkile. Indalo Newe. Ihlaziywe nge-27 Novemba 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-03552-w  

10. Soni R. 2021. Izitofu zokugonya "i-Pan-coronavirus": i-RNA Polymerase iyavela njengeSitofu ekuJoliswe kuso. Inzululwazi yaseYurophu. Ipapashwe nge-16 Novemba 2021. Ifumaneka e https://www.scientificeuropean.co.uk/covid-19/pan-coronavirus-vaccines-rna-polymerase-emerges-as-a-vaccine-target/  

11. I-NIH 2021. Ukukhutshwa kweendaba - I-NIAID ikhupha amabhaso amatsha ukuxhasa ngemali amayeza okugonya "i-pan-coronavirus". Ithunyelwe nge-28 Septemba 2021. Ifumaneka apha https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/niaid-issues-new-awards-fund-pan-coronavirus-vaccines  

***