Ngaba i-SARS CoV-2 Virus yavela kwiLabhoratri?

Akukho ngcaciso ngemvelaphi yendalo ye-SARS CoV-2 njengoko kungekho mamkeli ophakathi sele efunyenweyo ayisasaza ukusuka kumalulwane ukuya ebantwini. Kwelinye icala, kukho ubungqina obubambekayo bokucebisa imvelaphi yelabhoratri esekwe kwinto yokuba ingeniso yophando lomsebenzi (okuthi ibangele iinguqulelo ezenziweyo intsholongwane ngogqithiso oluphindaphindiweyo lwe iintsholongwane kwimigca yeeseli zomntu), yayisenziwa elabhoratri 

Isifo se-COVID-19 esibangelwa yi-SARS CoV-2 intsholongwane ibangele umonakalo ongazange ubonwe kuwo wonke iplanethi ayiphelelanga nje kwezoqoqosho kodwa ibangele iimpembelelo zengqondo ebantwini eziya kuthatha ixesha elide ukuba zichache. Ukusukela oko kwaqhambuka eWuhan ngoNovemba/Disemba ka-2019, kuye kwabekwa inani lethiyori malunga nemvelaphi yayo. Eyona iqhelekileyo ibhekisa kwimarike emanzi kwi Wuhan apho intsholongwane Iintlobo ezitsibayo ukusuka kumalulwane ukuya ebantwini ngokusebenzisa inginginya ephakathi, ngenxa yobume bayo bezoonotic yosulelo njengoko kwabonwa kwi-SARS (amalulwane ukuya kwi-civets ebantwini) kunye ne-MERS (amalulwane ezinkameleni ebantwini) iintsholongwane^1,2. Nangona kunjalo, kulo nyaka uphelileyo okanye kunjalo, akukhange kubekho ngcaciso kumgcini ophakathi we-SARS CoV2. intsholongwane. Enye ithiyori ibhekisa ekuvuzeni ngengozi kwentsholongwane kwi-Wuhan Institute of Virology (WIV) apho izazinzulu bezisenza uphando malunga ne-coronavirus. Ukuze uqonde ukuba kutheni le thiyori yamva ifumene ukuthandwa okubalulekileyo kulo nyaka uphelileyo okanye kunjalo, umntu kufuneka abuyele emva kwiziganeko zamva nje, ukuqala kuka-2011, ukuvavanya ubunjani bemvelaphi yezo coronavirus ezinokubangela isifo ebantwini. . 

Ngo-2012, abasebenzi-mgodini abathandathu abasebenza kumgodi wobhedu owawuzaliswe ngamalulwane kumazantsi eTshayina (iphondo laseYunnan) bosulelwa lilulwane. intsholongwane ye-Corona³, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-RaTG13. Bonke baye baba neempawu ezifana neempawu ze-COVID-19 kwaye bathathu kuphela abasindileyo. Iisampulu zentsholongwane zithathwe kwaba basebenzi-mgodini kwaye zangeniswa kwi-Wuhan Institute of Virology, ekuphela kwenqanaba lesi-4 lelebhu ye-biosecurity e-China eyayifunda ilulwane. iintsholongwane ze-Corona. UShi Zheng-Li kunye noogxa bakhe be-WIV bebephanda nge-SARS CoV iintsholongwane ukusuka kumalulwane ngeenzame zokuqonda ngcono imvelaphi yezo coronaviruses⁴. Kucingelwa ukuba i-WIV yenze inzuzo yophando lomsebenzi⁵, okubandakanya ukuthunyelwa ngokulandelelana kwezi iintsholongwane kwi-vitro kunye ne-vivo kwilinge lokwandisa i-pathogenicity yabo, ukudluliselwa, kunye ne-antigenicity. Le nzuzo yophando lomsebenzi yahluke kakhulu kunobunjineli bemfuza iintsholongwane ukuba babulale ngakumbi ngokwesakhono sabo esibangela izifo. Umbono emva kwenkxaso-mali kunye nokwenza inzuzo yophando lomsebenzi kukuhlala inyathelo elingaphambili iintsholongwane ukuqonda ukosulela kwabo ebantwini ukuze silunge ngakumbi njengohlanga loluntu ukuba kunokwenzeka oko.  

Ke, kusenokwenzeka ukuba intsholongwane ye-SARS CoV-2 yabaleka ngengozi xa yavela ngasekupheleni kuka-2019 kwisixeko saseWuhan, nangona kungekho bungqina bubambekayo obufanayo. Esona sihlobo sisondeleyo sale nto intsholongwane yaba RaTG13 ukuba isampuli evela kwabasezimayini Yunnan. I-RaTG13 ayingomqolo we-SARS CoV-2 ngaloo ndlela iphikisa ithiyori yokuba I-SARS-CoV-2 zaye zenziwa injineli yemfuza. Nangona kunjalo, iisampulu ze-SARS ezinxulumeneyo iintsholongwane ukwenza uphando kunye nenzuzo elandelayo yophando lomsebenzi (ukhokelela kutshintsho olucengekileyo) mhlawumbi ikhokelele kuphuhliso lwe-SARS CoV-2. Ukuzuza umsebenzi akubandakanyi ukuguqulwa kwemfuzo ngokusebenzisa ubunjineli bemfuza. Ulandelelwano lwegenome yentsha intsholongwane efunyenwe kwizigulana ezi-5 zokuqala zosulelo lwe-COVID-19 zibonise ukuba le ntsholongwane yayingama-79.6% efana nentsholongwane ye-SARS.⁶. 

Ekuqaleni, ilizwe lezenzululwazi lalicinga ukuba i-SARS CoV-2 intsholongwane aye atsiba ukusuka kuhlobo lwezilwanyana (amalulwane) ukuya kumkhosi ophakathi aze emva koko aye ebantwini⁷ njengoko kwakunjalo nge-SARS kunye ne-MERS iintsholongwane njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla. Nangona kunjalo, ukungakwazi ukufumana umamkeli ophakathi kwiinyanga ezili-18 ezidlulileyo kukhokelele kwithiyori yeyelenqe.⁸ ukuba intsholongwane ibinokuvuza ngempazamo kwilebhu. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba i-SARS CoV-2 intsholongwane yavela kwindawo yokugcina iintsholongwane esele ibanjwe kwi-WIV⁹ njenge intsholongwane yayisele ilungele ukosulela iiseli zomntu. Ukuba ibiyimvelaphi yendalo, ngekwathatha ixesha ukubangela iqondo lokusulela nokubulala ekwenzileyo. 

Kuhleli akuqinisekanga ukuba ingaba i-SARS CoV-2 inemvelaphi yendalo okanye yenziwe ngumntu (inzuzo yokusebenza ekhokelela kwiinguqulelo ezenziwe ngokwenziwa) eyasinda ngengozi elabhoratri. Abukho ubungqina obubambekayo obuxhasa nayiphi na ithiyori. Nangona kunjalo, ngokusekwe kwinto yokuba asikwazanga ukufumana umamkeli ophakathi wokuhanjiswa kwe-zoonotic koku. intsholongwane idibene nento yokuba intsholongwane yayilungelelaniswe kakuhle ukuba ibangele usulelo kwiiseli zomntu kakhulu kunye nophando oluhambelanayo kwi-WIV e-Wuhan apho i- intsholongwane yavela, icebisa ukuba yimveliso yenzuzo yophando oluye lwaphuncuka kwilebhu. 

Obunye ubungqina kunye nophando luyafuneka ukuseka ubungqina obubambekayo hayi nje ukuqonda imvelaphi ye-SARS-CoV2. intsholongwane kodwa kwanokunciphisa naziphi na iingozi zexesha elizayo xa kunokwenzeka ukuba zivele ukuze kusindiswe uluntu kwingqumbo yentsholongwane enjalo. 

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Ucaphulo 

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