IiCoronavirus ziiRNA iintsholongwane usapho lwe-coronaviridae. Ezi iintsholongwane bonisa amazinga aphezulu ngokumangalisayo eempazamo ngexesha lokuphindaphinda ngenxa yokunqongophala kovavanyo lomsebenzi we-nuclease yeepolymerase zabo. Kwezinye izinto eziphilayo, iimpazamo zokuphindaphinda ziyalungiswa kodwa ii-coronavirus azinabu buchule. Ngenxa yoko, iimpazamo eziphindaphindwayo kwii-coronavirus zihlala zingalungiswa kwaye ziqokelelane ezithi zisebenze njengomthombo wotshintsho kunye nokuziqhelanisa kwezi. iintsholongwane. Ke, ibisoloko iyindalo yezinto ukuba ii-coronavirus zitshintshe kwi-genomes yazo ngamazinga aphezulu kakhulu; ngakumbi usasazo, iimpazamo ezininzi zokuphindaphinda zenzeka kwaye kungoko utshintsho oluninzi kwigenome lukhokelela kokungaphezulu hlu kileyo ngenxa yoko.
Ngokucacileyo, ukutshintsha ukuya entsha hlu kileyo ayikho ntsha iintsholongwane ze-Corona. Umntu iintsholongwane ze-Corona besakha iinguqu kwiindlela ezintsha kwimbali yakutshanje. Kwakukho ezininzi hlu kileyo uxanduva lwezifo ezahluka-hlukeneyo ukususela ngo-1966, xa isiqendu sokuqala sabhalwa.
I-SARS-CoV yayiyeyantlukwano yokuqala ebulalayo eyabangela intsholongwane ye-Corona ubhubhane kwiPhondo lase-Guangdong lase-China ngo-2002. I-MERS-CoV yayiyeyona ndlela ilandelayo eyahluka-hlukileyo eyabangela ubhubhane e-Saudi Arabia ngo-2012.
Inoveli intsholongwane ye-Corona I-SARS-CoV-2, umahluko onoxanduva lobhubhani we-COVID-19 oqale ngoDisemba ka-2019 eWuhan, eTshayina kwaye emva koko wasasazeka kwihlabathi jikelele ukuba ube ngowokuqala. intsholongwane ye-Corona Ubhubhani kwimbali yoluntu, uthe gqolo ukujongana nohlengahlengiso olongezelelekileyo oluqokelela uguquko kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yejografi ekhokelela kwiinxalenye ezininzi.hlu kileyo. Ezi sub-hlu kileyo banomahluko omncinci kwi-genome yabo kunye neeprotheni ze-spike kwaye babonise umahluko kwizinga labo losulelo, ubugwenxa kunye nokungakhuseleki komzimba.
Ngokusekwe kwisoyikiso esivezwa ngaba bantlukwano, bahlelwa ngokweendidi ezintathu - lunee okuxhalabisayo (VOC), iiNguqulelo zomdla okanye iiNguqulelo eziphantsi kophando (VOI) kunye neeNguqulelo eziphantsi kweliso. Olu luhlu lwezahlulo ezingaphantsi lusekelwe kubungqina obunxulumene nokusuleleka, ukungakhuseleki kunye nobunzima bosulelo.
- Iintlobo zenkxalabo (VOC)
Iiyantlukwano zenkxalabo (VOC) zinonxulumano olucacileyo nokwanda kokusuleleka okanye ukonakala okanye ukuncipha kokusebenza kwawo nawaphi na amanyathelo ezempilo oluntu afana nokusebenza kwezitofu zokugonya ezisetyenziswayo ngoku.
| Ilebhile ye-WHO | Umnombo | Ilizwe liqale lachongwa (abahlali) | Unyaka nenyanga zifunyenwe kuqala |
| Alpha | B. 1.1.7 | iunited Kingdom | Septemba 2020 |
| Beta | B. 1.351 | Mzantsi Afrika | Septemba 2020 |
| gamma | P. 1 | Brazil | Disemba 2020 |
| Delta | B. 1.617.2 | Indiya | Disemba 2020 |
- Ukwahluka komdla okanye ukwahluka phantsi kophando (VOI)
Ukwahluka komdla okanye ukwahluka phantsi kophando (VOI) kwaziwa ngokuba neenguqu zofuzo ezinokuchaphazela ukudluliselwa kwayo, ubugwenxa okanye ukusebenza kakuhle kwamanyathelo empilo yoluntu kwaye zichongiwe ukuba zibangele usulelo olubalulekileyo loluntu.
| Ilebhile ye-WHO | Umnombo | Ilizwe liqale lachongwa (abahlali) | Unyaka nenyanga zifunyenwe kuqala |
| eta | B. 1.525 | Nayijeriya | Disemba 2020 |
| umthambo | B. 1.526 | i-USA | Novemba 2020 |
| kappa | B. 1.617.1 | Indiya | Disemba 2020 |
| I-Lambda | C. 37 | Peru | Disemba 2020 |
- Ukwahluka phantsi kweliso
Ukwahluka phantsi kokubekwa kweliso kuchongiwe njengemiqondiso kwaye kukho isalathisi sokuba banokuba neempawu ezifana ne-VOC kodwa ubungqina bunokuba buthathaka. Kungoko, ezi zantlukwano zihlala zibekwe esweni kulo naluphi na utshintsho.
| Ilebhile ye-WHO | Umnombo | Ilizwe liqale lachongwa (abahlali) | Unyaka nenyanga zifunyenwe kuqala |
| B. 1.617.3 | Indiya | February 2021 | |
| A.23.1+E484K | iunited Kingdom | Disemba 2020 | |
| I-Lambda | C. 37 | Peru | Disemba 2020 |
| B.1.351+P384L | Mzantsi Afrika | Disemba 2020 | |
| B.1.1.7+L452R | iunited Kingdom | January 2021 | |
| B.1.1.7+S494P | iunited Kingdom | January 2021 | |
| C.36+L452R | Egypt | Disemba 2020 | |
| AT.1 | Rhashiya | January 2021 | |
| umthambo | B. 1.526 | i-USA | Disemba 2020 |
| I-Zeta | P. 2 | Brazil | January 2021 |
| I-AV. 1 | iunited Kingdom | Matshi 2021 | |
| P.1+P681H | ElamaTaliyane | February 2021 | |
| B.1.671.2 + K417N | iunited Kingdom | Juni 2021 |
Olu luhlu luyintsingiselo eguquguqukayo i-sub-variants inokususwa kwiqela elinye okanye ibandakanywe kulo naliphi na iqela ngokuxhomekeke kutshintsho kuvavanyo lwezoyikiso ngokosulelo, ukungakhuseleki kunye nobungqongqo bosulelo.
Okumangalisayo kukuba, ukuvela kwe-SAR-CoV-2 okwangoku kubonakala kuyinkqubo eqhubekayo. Ukuhamba ngobume balo intsholongwane, ixesha elide kukho ukudluliselwa phakathi kwabantu kuya kubakho iimpazamo zokuphindaphinda kunye nokuguqulwa. Olunye uguquko okanye ukwahluka kunokoyisa uxinzelelo lokukhetha ukuba losulele ngakumbi kwaye ubenobugwenxa okanye ubaleke impendulo yamajoni omzimba ukwenza isitofu sokugonya singasebenzi. Ngokunokwenzeka, iintlobo ezininzi ezingaphezulu ziyakuchongwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwimimandla yosulelo oluphezulu. Ukunciphisa usulelo kunye nokubeka iliso rhoqo ngundoqo kwizicwangciso zokuthintela.
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Imithombo:
- Prasad U., 2021. Iintlobo ezitsha ze-SARS-CoV-2 (i intsholongwane uxanduva lwe-COVID-19): Ngaba iNdlela ethi 'Neutralising Antibodies' iyimpendulo kuGuquko oluKhawulezayo? Inzululwazi yaseYurophu. Ithunyelwe nge-23 kaDisemba 2020. Iyafumaneka kwi-intanethi https://www.scientificeuropean.co.uk/medicine/new-strains-of-sars-cov-2-the-virus-responsible-for-covid-19-could-neutralising-antibodies-approach-be-answer-to-rapid-mutation/
- WHO, 2021. Ukulandelela ukwahluka kwe-SARS-CoV-2. Iyafumaneka kwi-intanethi https://www.who.int/en/activities/tracking-SARS-CoV-2-variants/
- ECDPC 2021. SARS-CoV-2 ezahlukeneyo ezixhalabisayo ukususela nge-8 kaJulayi 2021. Iyafumaneka kwi-intanethi https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/covid-19/variants-concern
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