Umahluko we-B.1.617 obangele ingxaki ye-COVID-19 yakutsha nje e-Indiya iye yabandakanyeka ekwandeni kosulelo lwesi sifo phakathi kwabemi kwaye ibeka umngeni omkhulu ngokubhekiselele kubukhali besifo kunye nokusebenza kokukhoyo ngoku. zokugonya.
I-COVID-19 ibangele umonakalo ongazange ubonwe kwihlabathi liphela kwezentlalo nakwezoqoqosho. Amazwe athile abone amaza esibini nawesithathu ngokunjalo. Kubekho ukonyuka kwamatyala akutsha nje eIndiya ngoku abone umndilili wamakhulu amathathu ukuya kwamane amawaka eemeko mihla le kwinyanga ephelileyo. Sisanda kuhlalutya ukuba yintoni enokuba ayihambanga kakuhle ngengxaki ye-COVID eIndiya1. Ngaphandle kwemiba yentlalo kunye neyenkcubeko enokuthi ikhokelele ekunyukeni kwayo, intsholongwane ngokwayo iye yaguquka ngendlela ekhokelele ekuveleni kolunye uhlobo olosulelayo ngakumbi kunangaphambili. Eli nqaku lichaza malunga nendlela eyantlukwano entsha enokuthi ivele ngayo, isifo saso esibangela amandla kunye nefuthe ekusebenzeni kogonyo kunye nokuba ngawaphi amanyathelo anokuthi athathwe ukuya phambili ukunciphisa impembelelo yawo ekhaya nakwihlabathi jikelele kwaye kuthintelwe ukuvela okuthe kratya kokwahluka kwenoveli.
B. 1.617 okwahlukileyo yaqala ukuvela ngo-Okthobha ka-2020 kwilizwe laseMaharashtra kwaye ukusukela ngoko yasasazeka kumazwe angama-40, kubandakanya i-United Kingdom, iFiji neSingapore. Kwezi nyanga zimbalwa zidlulileyo, olu xinzelelo luye lwaba luxinzelelo olukhulu kulo lonke elaseIndiya kwaye ngakumbi kwiiveki ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-6 ezidlulileyo linoxanduva lokunyuka okukhulu kwamazinga osulelo. I-B.1.617 ineenguqu ezisibhozo apho iinguqu ze-3 ezizezi L452R, E484Q kunye ne-P681R zezona zibalulekileyo. Zombini i-L452R kunye ne-E484Q zikwi-Domain Binding Domain (RBD) kwaye zinoxanduva lokunyusa ukubopha kwi-ACE2 receptor.2 okukhokelela ekugqithiseni ukudluliselwa, kodwa kwakhona kudlala indima kwi-antibody neutralization3. Ukuguqulwa kwe-P681R kwandisa kakhulu ukubunjwa kwe-syncytium, enokuthi ibe negalelo ekwandeni kwe-pathogenesis. Olu tshintsho lubangela ukuba iiseli zentsholongwane zihlangane kunye, zenze indawo enkulu yokuba intsholongwane iphindaphindeke kwaye yenza kube nzima ukuba izilwa-buhlungu zizitshabalalise. Ukongeza kwi-B.1.617, ezinye iintlobo ezimbini ezinokuthi zibe noxanduva lokunyuka kwamazinga osulelo, B. 1.1.7 eDelhi nasePunjab kunye ne-B.1.618 eWest Bengal. Uxinzelelo lwe-B.1.1.7 lwachongwa okokuqala e-UK kwisiqingatha sesibini sika-2020 kwaye luthwala ukuguqulwa kwe-N501Y kwi-RBD, ekhokelele ekwandiseni ukuhanjiswa kwayo ngokubophelela okuphuculweyo kwi-ACE2 receptor.4. Ukongeza, inolunye utshintsho, kubandakanywa ukucinywa kabini. I-B.1.1.7 ukuza kuthi ga ngoku isasazeke kwihlabathi jikelele kwaye ifumene utshintsho lwe-E484R e-UK nase-USA. Kubonisiwe ukuba i-E484R eguquguqukayo inokuncipha okuphindwe kayi-6 kuvakalelo lwe-immune sera evela kubantu abagonywe ngogonyo lwe-Pfizer's mRNA kunye nokuncipha okuphindwe kayi-11 kubuntununtunu kwi-sera ye-convalescent.5.
Uhlobo olutsha lwentsholongwane enotshintsho olongeziweyo lunokuvela kuphela xa intsholongwane yosulela iinginginya kwaye iphinda iphindaphindeke. Oku kukhokelela kwisizukulwana se "fitter" kunye neentlobo ezosulelayo. Oku bekunokuthintelwa ngokuthintela usulelo lwabantu ngokubambelela kwimigaqo yokhuseleko efana nokungena eluntwini, ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kweemaski kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke/ezinabantu abaninzi kunye nokulandela izikhokelo ezisisiseko zococeko. Ukuvela kunye nokusasazeka kwe-B.1.617 kubonisa ukuba ezi zikhokelo zokhuseleko zinokuthi zingalandelwanga ngokungqongqo.
Uxinzelelo lwe-B.1.617 olwenze umonakalo e-Indiya, luchazwe nguMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (i-WHO) njenge "variant of concern (VOC)". Olu lwahlulo lusekwe ekwandeni kokusuleleka kunye nokusasazeka kwezifo ezinzima ngokwahlukileyo.
Uxinzelelo lwe-B.1.617 lubonakaliswe ukuba lubangela ukudumba okunamandla kwizifundo zezilwanyana kusetyenziswa i-hamster kunayo nayiphi na enye inguqulelo.6. Ukongeza, lo mahluko wangeniswa ngokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwimigca yeeseli kwi-vitro kwaye ayizange ibophe kwi-Bamlanivimab, i-antibody esetyenziselwa unyango lwe-COVID-19.7. Uphononongo olwenziwa nguGupta kunye noogxa bakhe babonise ukuba nangona izilwa-buhlungu ezikhuselweyo eziveliswe ngabantu abagonywe kusetyenziswa isitofu sokugonya se-Pfizer, bezimalunga ne-80% amandla angaphantsi ngokuchasene notshintsho lwe-B.1.617, oku akunakwenza ugonyo lungasebenzi.3. Aba baphandi bafumanise ukuba abanye abasebenzi bezempilo eDelhi ababegonywe nge-Covishield (i-Oxford-AstraZeneca isitofu), baye bosulelwa kwakhona, kunye noxinzelelo lwe-B.1.617. Izifundo ezongezelelweyo nguStefan Pohlmann kunye noogxa7 usebenzisa i-serum esuka kubantu ababekade bosulelwe yi-SARS-CoV-2, bafumanisa ukuba izilwa-buhlungu zabo zithomalalisa i-B.1.617 malunga nama-50% ngaphantsi ngempumelelo kuneentlobo ebezijikeleza ngaphambili. Xa i-serum yayivavanywa kubathathi-nxaxheba ababenokudubula kabini kwisitofu sokugonya se-Pfizer, yatyhila ukuba amajoni omzimba ayemalunga nama-67% anamandla angaphantsi kwi-B.1.617.
Nangona uphando olungentla lubonisa ukuba i-B.1.617 inenzuzo ngaphezu kwezinye iintlobo zentsholongwane ngokugqithisela okuphezulu kunye nokuphepha izilwa-buhlungu ezingathathi hlangothi ukuya kwinqanaba elithile ngokusekelwe kwizifundo ze-antibody ezisekelwe kwi-serum, imeko yokwenyani emzimbeni inokwahluka kwinani elikhulu lezilwa-buhlungu eziveliswayo kunye nokuba amanye amalungu okhuselo lomzimba anje ngeeseli T asenokungachatshazelwa lutshintsho. Oku kubonakaliswe ngokwahlukana kwe-B.1.351 okuye kwadibaniswa nokuhla okukhulu kwi-potency ye-neutralizing antibodies, kodwa uphando lwabantu lubonisa ukuba zokugonya zisasebenza ngempumelelo ekuthinteleni izifo ezinzima. Ngaphaya koko, amaphononongo asebenzisa i-Covaxin abonise ukuba olu gonyo luyaqhubeka ukusebenza8, nangona bekukho ukuhla okuncinci ekusebenzeni kwe-neutheral antibodies eyenziwe sisitofu sokugonya seCovaxin.
Yonke le datha ingentla icebisa ukuba uphando oluninzi luyafuneka ukuqonda ukusebenza ngoku zokugonya kunye nokuveliswa kweenguqulelo zexesha elizayo ezisekwe ekuveleni kohlobo olutsha olunokuthi luzame kwaye luphephe umxokomezelo wokhuselo lomzimba ukwenzela inzuzo yabo. Nangona kunjalo, okwangoku zokugonya ukuqhubeka nokusebenza (nangona kungabi yi-100%), ukwenzela ukuba kuthintelwe izifo ezinzima kwaye ihlabathi kufuneka lizame ukugonywa ngobuninzi ngokukhawuleza kwaye kwangaxeshanye libeke iliso kwiintlobo ezivelayo ukuze kuthathwe amanyathelo ayimfuneko kunye afanelekileyo kwindawo kwangoko. Oku kuya kuqinisekisa ukuba ubomi bunokubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo kwakamsinyane kunokuba kamva.
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Iingxelo:
- Soni R. 2021. Ingxaki ye-COVID-19 e-Indiya: Yintoni ekusenokwenzeka ukuba ayilunganga. Inzululwazi yaseYurophu. Iposwe nge-4 kuMeyi 2021. Iyafumaneka kwi-intanethi https://www.scientificeuropean.co.uk/covid-19/covid-19-crisis-in-india-what-may-have-gone-wrong/
- UCherian S okqhubekayo. 2021. Uguqulo oluguqukayo lwe-SARS-CoV-2 spike mutations, L452R, E484Q kunye ne-P681R, kumaza esibini e-COVID-19 eMaharashtra, eIndiya. Ukuprintwa kwangaphambili kwi-bioRxiv. Ithunyelwe nge-03 kuMeyi, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.04.22.440932
- Ferreira I., Datir R., okqhubekayo 2021. I-SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617 ukuvela kunye novakalelo kwii-antibodies ezifakwe kwisitofu sokugonya. Ukuprintwa kwangaphambili. I-BioRxiv. Ithunyelwe nge-09 kuMeyi, 2021. DOI: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.05.08.443253v1
- I-Gupta R K. 2021. Ingaba ukwahluka kwe-SARS-CoV-2 kwenkxalabo kuya kusichaphazela isithembiso zokugonya?. Nat Rev Immunol. Ipapashwe: 29 April 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-021-00556-5
- Collier DA et al. 2021. Uvakalelo lwe-SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 kwizilwa-buhlungu ezifakwe kugonyo lwe-mRNA. indalo https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03412-7.
- Yadav PD okqhubekayo. 2021. Ukwahluka kwe-SARS CoV-2 B.1.617.1 kuyingozi kakhulu kwi-hamster kunokwahluka kwe-B.1. Ukuprintwa kwangaphambili kwi-bioRxiv. Ithunyelwe nge-05 kuMeyi, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.05.05.442760
- Hoffmann M okqhubekayo. 2021. I-SARS-CoV-2 eyahlukileyo ye-B.1.617 iyaxhathisa kwi-Bamlanivimab kwaye ibaleka izilwa-buhlungu ezenziwa lusulelo kunye nogonyo. Ithunyelwe nge-05 kuMeyi, 2021. Ishicilelwe kwangaphambili kwi-bioRxiv. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.05.04.442663
- Yadav PD okqhubekayo. 2021. Ukungathathi hlangothi kweyantlukwano phantsi kophando B.1.617 kunye nesera yezitofu zokugonya ze-BBV152. Ipapashwe: 07 May 2021. Clin. Yosulela. Dis. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab411
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