Umahluko weGene okhusela kwi-COVID-19 eqatha

A ukwahluka kofuzo ye-OAS1 iye yabandakanyeka ekwehliseni umngcipheko we-COVID-19 emandundu isifo. Oku kugunyazisa uphuhliso lweearhente/amayeza anokonyusa inqanaba le-enzyme ye-OAS1, ngaloo ndlela ehlisa ubukhali be-COVID-19.

Ubudala obudala kunye nezigulo ziyaziwa njengemiba esemngciphekweni omkhulu we-COVID-19. Kukho izifundo ezininzi ezicebisa ukuba ukwakheka kofuzo kubeka abanye abantu kwiimpawu ezinzima ze-COVID-19, ngelixa abanye bahlala bengakhuselekanga kwesi sifo.¹.   

Ngelixa kuphanda ukuba ngaba iiproteni ezijikelezayo zichaphazela ukubakho kunye nobungqongqo kwi-COVID-19, abaphandi bafumene umbutho wokonyuka kwamanqanaba e-enzyme ye-OAS kunye nobuqatha obuncitshisiweyo be-COVID-19 okanye ukufa. Iijini ze-OAS zifakela i-enzymes evezwa yi-interferon kwaye isebenze i-RNase L efihlakeleyo, ekhokelela ekuthotyweni kwe-intracellular-stranded RNA ephindwe kabini, njengento enokwenzeka ye-antiviral. Indawo ye-OAS1/2/3 kwichromosome 12 (12q24.13), yemvelaphi yaseNeanderthal inikezela ngama-23% ukuncipha komngcipheko wezigulana ezigula kakhulu nge-COVID-19.². Ngelixa uphononongo oluthile luchaphazela ukonyuka kwamanqanaba e-OAS1 ngomngcipheko oncitshisiweyo we-COVID-19, ezinye izifundo zibandakanya ukonyuka kwamanqanaba e-OAS3 ukunxulunyaniswa nomngcipheko ocuthiweyo. Ngenxa yobukho bezinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zofuzo kwindawo, ukuchonga owona mahluko onoxanduva kubalulekile kuphuhliso lwamachiza kwiiarhente ezonyusa amanqanaba e-OAS. 

Kuhlahlelo lwemeta lwakutsha nje lwengingqi ye-OAS yemvelaphi yaseYurophu ethatha indawo ye-75Kb egcina i-OAS1, i-2 kunye ne-3 yofuzo, abaphandi bafumene okwahlukileyo, i-rs10774671, emele ixesha elide, i-60% yefom esebenzayo ngakumbi ye-OAS1 enzyme.². Lo mahluko waphinda wafunyanwa kubantu abanemvelaphi yaseAfrika ecebisa ukuba abantu bomnombo waseAfrika babenenqanaba elifanayo lokhuseleko njengabo baseYurophu. Umahluko omde weprotheyini ufunyaniswa usebenza ngakumbi ekuboneleleni ngokhuseleko kwi-SARS-CoV-2. Olu phononongo lwakutsha nje lubonise ukuba oku kwahluka kwe-splice (rs10774671) ye-OAS1 kusenokwenzeka ukuba inoxanduva lokunxulumana nokunciphisa ubungqongqo be-COVID-19.²

Ngokusekwe kolu phando, ii-arhente ezonyusa amanqanaba e-OAS1, zicetyiswa ukuba zibekwe phambili kuphuhliso lwamachiza³. 

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Imbekiselo:  

1. I-Prasad U 2021. Imfuzo ye-COVID-19: Kutheni Abanye Abantu Beba Neempawu Ezimandundu. Inzululwazi yaseYurophu. Ithunyelwe nge-6 kaFebruwari 2021. Ifumaneka apha https://www.scientificeuropean.co.uk/covid-19/genetics-of-covid-19-why-some-people-develop-severe-symptoms/  
2. Huffman, JE, Butler-Laporte, G., Khan, A. et al. Ukwenziwa kwemephu ye-OAS1 ngeyona ndlela ilungileyo ibandakanya ukuqhekeka kwe-OAS19 kumngcipheko we-COVID-2022. UNat Genet (13). Ipapashwe: 2022 January XNUMX. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-021-00996-8 
3. Zhou, S., Butler-Laporte, G., Nakanishi, T. et al. I-Neanderthal OAS1 isoform ikhusela abantu baseYurophu ngokuchasene nokuba sesichengeni kunye nobungqongqo be-COVID-19. UNat Med 27, 659-667 (2021). Ipapashwe: 25 February 2021.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01281-1 

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