Ubuchwephesha obusetyenziswa yiCuba ukuphuhlisa protein-izitofu ezisekelwe kwi-COVID-19 zinokukhokelela kuphuhliso lwesitofu sokugonya ngokuchasene nohlobo olutsha oluguqukileyo ngendlela elula noko. Ehlabathini lokuqala protein izitofu zokugonya ze-conjugate zenziwe ngokuxhaphaza i-RBD (i-receptor binding domain) ummandla we-spike. protein, onoxanduva lokungena kwentsholongwane kwiiseli zomntu. Ngaphandle kwezinye iingenelo ezifana nokuzinza kwi-2-8 ° C, iteknoloji eqinisekisiweyo, ezi protein-izitofu ezisekelwe kugonyo zinokulungiswa ngokulula ukwenza izitofu ezitsha ngokuchasene nohlobo oluguqukileyo ngokuvelisa ii-RBD eziguqukayo. Ezi RBDs ziguqukileyo zinokusetyenziswa njengabagqatswa bogonyo olukhethekileyo kwiintlobo ezisemngciphekweni omkhulu ezifana nesandula kuchongwa, ebizwa ngokuba yi-Omicron kunye nazo naziphi na ezinye iintlobo zentsholongwane ye-SARS-CoV-2.
Umonakalo owenziwe yi-COVID-19 kwihlabathi liphela, okhokelela ekufeni kwabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezi-5 kunye namatyala angaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-26, ukhuthaze abaphandi kunye nabasemagunyeni ukuba bazise ugonyo lokusetyenziswa olungxamisekileyo ukukhusela abantu. Inani le DNA esekelwe (Covishield, Sputnik V njl.) kunye mRNA isekelwe (nge Pfizer kwaye Moderna) ziye zanikwa abantu ukuba bangakhathaleli iziphumo zesifo se-COVID-19. Ugonyo olusekwe ekusetyenzisweni kwentsholongwane yonke encitshisiweyo (i-Covaxin/Sinovac) nayo yamkelwe kwaye yathunyelwa kumazwe ahlukeneyo kwihlabathi liphela. Ukusetyenziswa kwe protein kunye / okanye protein iiyunithi ezincinci yenye indlela yokuphuhlisa izitofu ngokwazisa irecombinant protein emzimbeni ukufumana impendulo yokuzikhusela1. The protein inokuthi idityaniswe kwi-polysaccharide okanye enye iprotheni evela kwi-organism engahambelaniyo ukwenzela ukunyusa ukuphendula komzimba. Inzuzo yeprotheyini kunye neeprotheyini ezisekelwe kwiiyunithi zokugonya kukuba itekhnoloji isekwe kakuhle kwaye ibonakalisiwe, izinzileyo kwi-2-8.° C, ukungabikho kwe-DNA yentsholongwane ephilayo okanye i-RNA, ngoko akukho mngcipheko wokubangela izifo kwaye zifanelekile kubantu abane-immune system. Nangona kunjalo, ugonyo olusekwe kwiprotheyini ikakhulu ludala kuphela iimpendulo ze-antibody ezinokuthi zibe buthathaka ngamanye amaxesha, kwaye kungoko izincedisi kunye needosi ze-booster zinokufuneka ukunyusa ukusebenza kwazo.
Kweli nqaku, sichaza ukuphuhliswa kweSoberana 02 kunye ne-Abdala, ihlabathi lokuqala protein izitofu zokugonya eziphuhliswe yiCuba. Zombini izitofu zokugonya bezingaphezulu kwama-90% ezisebenzayo emva kweedosi ezintathu2. Ugonyo lwe-Soberana 02 lubandakanya i-RBD ephindayo (indawo ebopha i-receptor) ye-spike protein ye-SARS-CoV-2 intsholongwane edityaniswe kwi-tetanus toxoid.3. I-RBD iveliswe kwiiseli ezanyisayo4. Iidosi ezimbini ze-Soberana 02 zazikhuselekile kwaye zafumana ukusebenza kwe-71% kubantu abadala abaneminyaka eyi-19-80 iminyaka, ngelixa ulawulo lwesithathu luye lwanyusa ukusebenza kwi-92.4%3. Idosi yesithathu nangona kunjalo, isitofu sokugonya esine-heterologous ebizwa ngokuba yi-Soberana Plus equka i-RBD dimer yodwa. Isitofu sokugonya sibonise i-immunogenicity ephezulu, uphuhliso lwe-RBD neutralizing antibodies kwaye lufuna impendulo ethile ye-T cell. Kwimeko yesitofu sokugonya i-Abdala, i-RBD iveliswe kwigwele (Pichia pastoris) kwaye esi sitofu silawulwa ngendlela ye-intra-nasal.4. Ukusebenza kogonyo lwe-Abdala emva kweedosi ezintathu ngama-92.8%. Ezi zitofu zizitofu zokuqala zehlabathi ezidibeneyo kwaye zibonakaliswe zisebenza ngokuchasene noxinzelelo lwe-delta.
The protein Amayeza okugonya asekelwe kwiyunithi engaphantsi abonisa isithembiso esikhulu sophuhliso lwexesha elizayo logonyo ngokuchasene neentlobo ezitshintshileyo kakhulu ze-COVID-19, ezifana ne-Omicron, exelwe kwiintsuku ezimbalwa emva kokubuya eMzantsi Afrika. I-Omicron ineenguqu ze-15 kwi-domain ye-RBD yentsholongwane ye-spike, i-2 yazo eqhelekileyo kwi-Delta strain. Ngokusekwe kutshintsho olukhoyo kwi-RBD yokwahluka kwe-Omicron, iprotein ephinda iphinda iphinde yakhiwe inokuveliswa ngokufanelekileyo kwindawo efanelekileyo kwaye isitofu esitsha sokugonya sinokwenziwa silungele kwiiveki ezimbalwa ukugunyaziswa kunye nokusetyenziswa okungxamisekileyo.
Iinkampani ezifana nePfizer5, abaphuhlise isitofu sokugonya i-mRNA bacinga ngokuqala ulingo apho i-booster) yesithathu yesitofu sokugonya i-mRNA iya kulawulwa kunye nomgqatswa wokugonya we-pneumococcal ona-20-valent (20vPnC), ukuze konyuse impendulo ye-antibody ngokuchasene ne-COVID- 19.
Itekhnoloji esetyenziswa yiCuba ukuphuhlisa amayeza okugonya esekwe kwiprotheyini ngokuchasene ne-COVID-19 inokukhokelela kuphuhliso lwamayeza okugonya ngokuchasene nentsholongwane entsha ye-SARS-CoV-2 ngendlela elula.
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Iingxelo:
- GAVI 2021. Zithini izitofu zeprotein subunit kwaye zingasetyenziswa njani ngokuchasene ne-COVID-19? Ifumaneka e https://www.gavi.org/vaccineswork/what-are-protein subunit-vaccines-and-how-could-they-be-used-against-covid-19
- Reardon S., 2021. Ubhejo lwaseCuba kwizitofu zokugonya ezikhulele ekhaya kwi-COVID kuyahlawula. Indalo. Iindaba. Ipapashwe nge-22 Novemba 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-03470-x
- Toledo-Romani M., 2021. Ukusebenza kunye nokhuseleko lwe-SOBERANA 02, isitofu sokugonya se-COVID-19 kwi-heterologous ye-dose emithathu indibaniselwano. Shicilela kwangaphambili medRxiv. Ipapashwe nge-06 Novemba 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.10.31.21265703
- Yaffe H (31 Matshi 2021). "Izitofu ezintlanu zaseCuba ze-COVID-19: ibali elipheleleyo kwiSoberana 01/02/Plus, Abdala, kunye neMambisa". LSE Latin America kunye neCaribbean blog. Ibuyiselwe nge-31 kaMatshi 2021.
- Pfizer 2021. Iindaba – IPfizer iqalisa uphononongo lolawulo oluhlangeneyo lwesitofu sokugonya se-pneumococcal conjugate ye-20-valent kunye nedosi yesithathu yesitofu sokugonya se-pfizer-biontech covid-19 kubantu abadala. Ithunyelwe nge-24 kuMeyi 2021. Ifumaneka apha https://www.pfizer.com/news/press-release/press-release-detail/pfizer-initiates-study-exploring-coadministration-its-20
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