Ii-Monoclonal Antibodies kunye ne-Protein Based Drugs zingasetyenziselwa ukuNyanga izigulana ze-COVID-19

Izinto eziphilayo ezikhoyo ezifana neCanakinumab (i-antibody monoclonal), i-Anakinra (i-antibody monoclonal) kunye ne-Rilonacept (i-fusion protein) inokusetyenziswa njengonyango oluthintela ukudumba kwizigulana ze-COVID-19. Ukongeza, ii-antibodies zomyili we-monoclonal zinokubonelela ngokugonyeka ngokungathathi hlangothi kwentsholongwane ye-SARS-CoV-2 ukunqanda usulelo. 

I-Drug Discovery iyayitshintsha indlela yayo ukusuka kumachiza emolekyuli encinci ukuya kwibhayoloji ebandakanya protein kunye ne-monoclonal maqhinga njengonyango. Oku kungenxa yokuchaneka okuphezulu okukhokelela ekusebenzeni okuphezulu kwe protein-iziyobisi ezisekelwe kunye nemiphumo emibi ephantsi xa kuthelekiswa nama-molecule amancinci. Umntu ongahlaseliUnyango olusekwe kunyango olunqanda ukudumba lwenza enye yezona ntsapho zikhulu zamachiza ebhayoloji kwicandelo lebhayoloji/leyeza. 

Ubhubhani wakutsha nje we Covid-19 yenza ukuba ifaneleke ngakumbi ukuchonga kunye nokumisela unyango kusetyenziswa ukuphinda kusetyenziswe amachiza asele ekhona¹ ukulwa nesifo se-COVID-19. Enye yazo kukusetyenziswa kwee-antibodies ze-monoclonal ezikhoyo ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe ngokuchasene NLRP3 inflammasome, into ekujoliswe kuyo iyeza elicetywayo kwinqaku lam lomhla we-9^th Meyi 2020. Eli nqaku lichaze ukubaluleka kwe-NLRP3 inflammasome njengento ekujoliswe kuyo ichiza elitsha kunyango lwe-COVID-19.². Kulo mxholo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-monoclonal antibodies ngokumelene ne-IL-1 (interleukin-1) -beta kunye ne-interleukin-18 (IL-18), eziyimpawu zeholo ze-activation inflammasome^3, inobungqina obusebenzayo ngokuchasene ne-COVID-19 ngokunciphisa ukudumba kwaye ngaloo ndlela incede izigulana.  

Okwangoku ikhoyo iCanakinumab, i-monoclonal yomntu anti ekujoliswe kuyo kwi-IL-1 beta ethengiswa phantsi kwegama le-brand elithi Ilaris⁴, liyeza lonyango lwe-systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis kunye nesifo esisebenzayo sikaStoll's. Oku kunokuzanywa kwaye kuvavanywe kwizigulana ze-COVID-19 ukunciphisa ukudumba kunye nokuqhubela phambili kwesifo. Ukongezelela, u-Anakinra, othengiswa njenge-Kineret®, i-IL-1 i-recombinant receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) engasetyenziselwa ukuvimba i-receptor kunye nokuthintela isenzo se-IL-1 beta. Enye i-biologic ekhoyo yiRilonacept (Arcalyst^®)^4, idimeric fusion protein ebandakanya i-domain ebopha i-ligand yomntu i-IL-1 receptor kunye ne-IL-1 i-receptor accessory protein enokuzanywa ukunqanda i-IL-1 isebenze.  

Ukongeza ekujoliseni kwiziphumo ezisezantsi ze-COVID-19, ezinje nge-NLRP3 ekhankanywe ngasentla, uphuhliso lwezilwa-buhlungu eziyi-monoclonal ezinokuthi zithintele intsholongwane kwaye zibonelele ngokhuselo loluntu kubemi, ikwasisindululo esinomtsalane de kuphuhliswe isitofu sokugonya.^5,6,7. 

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Iingxelo:  

1. Soni, R., 2020. Indlela yeNoveli 'yokuphinda kusetyenziswe' amachiza akhoyo e-COVID-19. Inzululwazi yaseYurophu. Ipapashwe nge-7 kaMeyi, 2020. Iyafumaneka kwi-intanethi https://www.scientificeuropean.co.uk/covid-19/a-novel-approach-to-repurpose-existing-drugs-for-covid-19/

2. Soni, R., 2020. NLRP3 Inflammasome: INoveli yeChiza ekuJoliswe kuyo ukuNyanga iziGulane ze-COVID-19 ngokumandundu. Inzululwazi yaseYurophu. Ipapashwe nge-09 kaMeyi, 2020. Iyafumaneka kwi-intanethi https://www.scientificeuropean.co.uk/covid-19/nlrp3-inflammasome-a-novel-drug-target-for-treating-severely-ill-covid-19-patients/

3. UDolinay T, uKim YS, et al 2012. I-cytokines elawulwa yi-Inflammasome ngabalamli ababalulekileyo bokulimala kwe-lung acute. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 185 (11) (2012), iphepha 1225-1234. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201201-0003OC 

4. Angeline XH Goh, Sebastien Bertin-Maghit, Siok Ping Yeo, Adrian Ho, Heidi Derks, Alessandra Mortellaro & Cheng-I Wang (2014) Inoveli yomntu anti-interleukin-1β neutralizing monoclonal antibody ebonisa kwi-vivo efficacy, mAbs, 6:3 , 764-772, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4161/mabs.28614  

5. Cohen, J. Umyili we-antibodies unokulwa ne-COVID-19 ngaphambi kokuba izitofu zokugonya zifike. DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abe1740  

6. Ledford, H. 2020. Unyango lwe-antibody lunokuba yibhulorho kwisitofu sokugonya se-coronavirus - kodwa ngaba ilizwe liya kuxhamla? Indalo. Ipapashwe ngo-11^th EyeThupha 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-02360-y 

7. I-NIH.gov 2020. I-NIH isungula ulingo lwezonyango lokuvavanya unyango lwe-antibody kwizigulana esibhedlele ze-COVID-19. Ipapashwe ngo-Agasti 4, 2020. Iyafumaneka kwi-intanethi https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-launches-clinical-trial-test-antibody-treatment-hospitalized-covid-19-patients  

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