Indlela entsha yokuchaza iimpawu ezahlukeneyo ezinganxulumananga Covid-19 iye yavela ngokuxhaphaza iSupercomputer yesibini ekhawulezayo kwihlabathi eyaziwa ngokuba yiSummit supercomputer e-Oak Ridge National Lab eTennessee. Uphononongo lubandakanya ukuhlalutya i-2.5 yeebhiliyoni zemidibaniso yemfuza ukusuka kwi-17000 iisampulu zofuzo kunye nangaphezulu kwe-40,000 yemfuza ukuze uqonde ngcono isenzo esiyintlekele. Covid-19 iyasebenza kumzimba womntu. Kuthathe phantse iveki ukuhlalutya ezi ntlanganisela yemfuza kwaye abaphandi beza nethiyori entsha ebizwa ngokuba yi-bradykinin hypothesis.1, oko akuchazi kuphela ezinye zeempawu ezingaqhelekanga kunye nezahlukeneyo Covid-19 kodwa ikwacebisa unyango olunokubakho, uninzi lwazo sele luvunyiwe yi-FDA.
Intsholongwane ye-SARS-CoV-2 ebangela Covid-19 ngokuqhelekileyo ingena emzimbeni ngokuzibophelela kwi-ACE2 receptors (ekhoyo ngobuninzi kwiiseli zempumlo). Emva koko iqhubela phambili ukosulela amanye amalungu omzimba anje ngamathumbu, izintso kunye nentliziyo apho ii-receptors ze-ACE2 zikhona.
Uhlalutyo lufumanise ukuba i-SARS-CoV-2 ibangele ukunyuka kwamanqanaba e-ACE2 ngelixa iyancipha amanqanaba e-ACE kwiiseli zemiphunga.2. Umsebenzi oqhelekileyo we-ACE2 kumzimba womntu kukuthoba uxinzelelo lwegazi kwaye usebenze ngokuchasene nenye i-enzyme eyaziwa ngokuba yi-ACE (enesiphumo esichaseneyo). Ke ngoko, umzimba kufuneka ulungelelanise amanqanaba e-ACE kunye ne-ACE2 ukugcina uxinzelelo lwegazi oluqhelekileyo. Ukunyuka kwamanqanaba e-ACE2 kunye nokuncipha kwe-ACE kubangele ukunyuka kwamanqanaba emolekyuli eyaziwa ngokuba yi-bradykinin kwiiseli (ekubhekiselwa kuyo njenge-'Bradykinin Storm'). I-Bradykinin ibonakaliswe ukuba ibangele intlungu kwaye ibangela ukuba imithwalo yegazi yande kwaye ibe nefuthe elinokuthi libangele ukuvuvukala nokuvuvukala kwezicubu ezijikelezayo.
I-bradykinin mis-regulation ilawulwa yinkqubo enkulu ebizwa ngokuba yiRenin Angiotensin System (RAS) elawula iinkalo ezininzi zenkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi kwaye iquka i-enzymes ACE2 kunye ne-ACE. Intsholongwane ye-SARS-CoV-2 xa usulelo lukhohlisa iiseli zomzimba ukuba zonyuse ii-receptors ze-ACE ngaloo ndlela zonyusa i-ACE2 kunye nosulelo lweeseli ezininzi. Ii-receptors ze-Bradykinin ziphinde zenziwe kwakhona, kwaye umzimba uyeka ngokufanelekileyo ukwaphula i-bradykinin ngenxa yokuncipha kwe-ACE njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla. I-ACE idla ngokufuneka ekwehliseni isidima sebradykinin.
Ukongeza kwisiqhwithi se-bradykinin, uhlalutyo lwekhompyuter lufumene ukuba imveliso ye-hyaluronic acid yanda kwaye i-enzymes eyonakalisayo yehla kakhulu. Oku kubangela ukunyuka okuthe kratya kwiasidi yehyaluronic ethi ifunxe amanzi yenze ihydrogel3. Ukuvuza kolwelo emiphungeni okubangelwa sisaqhwithi sebradykinin esidityaniswa ne-hyaluronic acid ethe kratya iziphumo zokuthintela ukufunjwa kweoksijini ngeyona ndlela kunye nokukhutshwa kwekharbon dioksidi kwimiphunga echaphazeleke kakhulu. Covid-19 izigulane. Oku kucacisa ukuba kutheni ii-ventilators ziye zangqinwa zingasebenzi kwizigulana ezinje ngokuba nokuba leliphi inqanaba leoksijini oyinikezelayo, imiphunga ayinako ukuyisebenzisa ngenxa yobukho be-hydrogel emiphungeni ekhokelela ekufuthaniseleni nasekufeni kwizigulana.
I-hypothesis ye-bradykinin inokuphinda ichaze iziphumo zentliziyo kunye ne-neurological ebonwayo Covid-19 izigulane. Izaqhwithi zeBradykinin zinokukhokelela kwi-arrhythmias kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi, oluhlala lubonwa kwizigulana ze-Covid-19. Ukonyuka kwamanqanaba e-bradykinin nako kunokukhokelela ekuqhekekeni komqobo wegazi-ubuchopho obangela ukuvuvukala kunye nokulimala kwengqondo.
Udidi oluthile lweekhompawundi ezaziwa ngokuba zii-ACE inhibitors zinefuthe elifanayo kwinkqubo ye-RAS njenge-COVID-19, ngo. ukwandisa amanqanaba e-bradykinin. Kubonakala ngathi SARS-selwe-2 Isebenza ngendlela efanayo kwi-ACE inhibitors. Iimpawu ezimbini zakudala ze-Covid-19, ukukhohlela okomileyo kunye nokudinwa zikwabangelwa zii-ACE inhibitors. Ukongeza, i-ACE inhibitors ikwabangela ukulahleka kwencasa kunye nevumba, ikwabonwa kwizigulana ze-COVID-19.
Ukuba i-bardykinin hypothesis inokukholelwa, ke sele kukho amachiza avunyiweyo e-FDA akhoyo anokwehlisa amanqanaba e-bradykinin kwaye ke anike isiqabu kwi-COVID-19. Ezi ziyobisi ziquka i-danazol, i-stanozolol, kunye ne-ecallantide, enokunciphisa ukuveliswa kwe-bradykinin kwaye inokumisa isiphepho se-bradykinin. Uphononongo lukwakhomba ukusetyenziswa kweVithamin D njengechiza kuba ibandakanyeka kwinkqubo yeRAS njengoko inciphisa amanqanaba ekhompawundi, eyaziwa ngokuba yiREN. Oku kunokunqanda izaqhwithi zebradykinin ezibulalayo. IVithamin D sele ibandakanyiwe kwi-COVID-19 njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili4 apho ukungonelanga kweVithamin D kubangela iimpawu ezinzima ze-COVID-19. Amanye amachiza anokusetyenziswa ngawo anciphisa amanqanaba e-asidi ye-hyaluronic, umz.
Nangona olu phononongo luchaza i-hypothesis echaza phantse zonke iimpawu ze-COVID-19 ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kwaye ibonelela ngethiyori emanyeneyo enokuthi ivavanywe kusetyenziswa amachiza akhoyo, ubungqina bokwenyani bepudding buya kuvela kuvavanyo lwamachiza akhoyo ewodwa okanye ngokudityaniswa. Ulingo lwezonyango oluyilwe kakuhle ukuza nerejimeni yonyango enokuthi ikhokelele kunyango olunokwenzeka lwe-COVID-19.
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Ucaphulo
- Garvin UMR, uAlvarez C, uMiller JI, uPrates ET, uWalker AM et al. Imodeli yobuchwephesha kunye nongenelelo lonyango lwe-COVID-19 olubandakanya isaqhwithi sebradykinin se-RAS. eLife 2020;9: e59177 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7554/ELIFE.59177
- Zhou P, Yang XL, Wang XG, Hu B, Zhang L, Zhang W et al. Ukuqhambuka kwenyumoniya okunxulunyaniswa ne-coronavirus entsha enemvelaphi yelulwane. Indalo 2020. 579:270-273. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/S41586-020-2012-7
- UNecas J, uBartosikova L, uBrauner P, uKolar J. Hyaluronic acid (hyaluronan): uphononongo. Veterinární Medicína (2008). 53:397–411 . DOI: https://doi.org/ 10.17221/1930-VETMED
- Soni R., 2020. Ukunqongophala kweVithamini D (VDI) Kukhokelela kwiiMpawu eziMandundu ze-COVID-19. Inzululwazi yaseYurophu. Iyafumaneka kwi-intanethi https://www.scientificeuropean.co.uk/covid-19/vitamin-d-insufficiency-vdi-leads-to-severe-covid-19-symptoms/ Ifikeleleke ngo-4th Septemba 2020.
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