Ityhefu yeNkokheli kuKutya okuvela kwiAluminiyam ethile kunye neBrass Cookware 

Iziphumo zovavanyo zibonise ukuba i-aluminiyam ethile kunye nee-cookware zobhedu zikhupha amanqanaba abalulekileyo elothe (Pb) kwi-cookware esetyenziselwa ukupheka ekutyeni. Ilothe iyityhefu ebantwini kungoko ukutya okunelothe eninzi akukhuselekanga ukuba kungatyiwa. E-USA, i-FDA iye yalumkisa ngokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezithile zokupheka ezenziwe nge-aluminiyam, ubhedu, kunye ne-alloys ye-aluminiyam eveliswa ziiyunithi ezithile kumazwe anengeniso esezantsi kunye nephakathi (LMICs) ezinomgangatho kunye nolawulo olulinganiselweyo. Ubungqina bubonisa ukuba izinto zesinyithi zemveli ezivela kwihlabathi jikelele zinokuqulatha amanqanaba aphezulu elothe. Oogxa, u-KM et al (2024) bavavanya i-aluminiyam yokupheka, izinto zobhedu kunye nezinto zentsimbi engenasici ezisetyenziselwa ukupheka kwaye bafumanisa ukuba iimveliso ze-aluminiyam kunye neemveliso zobhedu zobhedu zineenxalenye ezingaphezu kwe-100 kwisigidi (ppm) selothe. Phantsi kweemeko ezifaniswayo, uninzi lweLeach Lead (Pb) egqithileyo kwimida yokutya ecetyiswayo. Uphononongo lwakutsha nje olwenziwe nguBinkhorst G., et al (2025) luphande ukuvezwa okunokubakho kokukhokela kwiimbiza zokupheka ze-aluminium kumazwe anengeniso esezantsi kunye nephakathi (LMICs) kwaye yafumanisa ukuba ukugxilwa kokukhokelela kwiimbiza zokupheka okuphakathi kwe-1600 ppm kunye netotali kunye nokuvuza okukhokelela ekugxilweni kwakuqikelelwa ngokulinganayo. Le yinkxalabo ebalulekileyo yempilo yoluntu kuba i-cookware enjalo isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumazwe amaninzi kwihlabathi jikelele.  

I-FDA iye yalumkisa malunga nokusetyenziswa kwemveliso ethile yokupheka evela kumazwe angaphandle eyenziwe nge-aluminiyam, ubhedu, kunye ne-alloys ye-aluminiyam emva kovavanyo oluvezile ukuvuza kwamanqanaba abalulekileyo elothe (Pb) ekutyeni xa kusetyenziselwa ukupheka, ngaloo ndlela kwenza ukutya kungakhuselekanga. Uluhlu lweemveliso ezinjalo zokupheka zikhutshiwe, kwaye abasebenzisi bayacetyiswa ukuba balahle iimveliso ezinjalo. Abo bachaphazelekayo kuluhlu lonikezelo lweemveliso ezinjalo bayacetyiswa ukuba bayeke ukusebenzisana nemveliso enjalo.  

Ilothe iyityhefu ebantwini kwaye inokuchaphazela abantu babo nabuphi na ubudala. Kwanamanqanaba aphantsi okuba sesichengeni selothe anokubangela iingxaki ezinzulu zempilo, ingakumbi kubantwana nakwiimveku. Abantwana kunye neentsana basengozini ngakumbi kwityhefu yelothe.  

Kuyaziwa ukuba i-metalware yemveli evela kwihlabathi jikelele inokuqulatha amanqanaba aphezulu ukukhokela, ezinokungena ekutyeni nakwiziselo xa zisetyenziselwa ukulungiselela, ukuphakwa okanye ukugcina ukutya neziselo. Kunyaka ophelileyo, ngoJulayi ka-2024, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwiSixeko saseNew York kwachonga owasetyhini okhulelweyo kunye namalungu osapho amabini anamanqanaba elothe yegazi ngaphezulu kwexabiso lereferensi le-3.5 µg/dL. Babesebenzisa intsimbi yesiNtu yobhedu neyobhedu ukulungiselela ukutya neziselo.  

Ukuze kuchongwe umthombo wokuvezwa okukhokelayo, ooFellows, u-KM et al (2024) bavavanya i-aluminiyamu yokupheka, izinto zobhedu kunye nezinto zentsimbi engenasici ezisetyenziswa ekuphekeni. Kwafunyaniswa ukuba iimveliso zokupheka ze-aluminiyam ezininzi zineengxenye ezingaphezu kwe-100 kwisigidi (ppm) selothe. Ngaphantsi kweemeko ezifaniswayo zokupheka kunye nokugcinwa, ezininzi i-leached lead (Pb) idlula imilinganiselo yokutya ekhuthazwayo. Iimbiza zobhedu nazo zibonise iziphumo ezifanayo ezivelisa amanqanaba aphezulu okukhokela. Kolu phononongo, okubangela umdla, i-cookware yensimbi engenastainless leached kancinci kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nezinto zealuminiyam kunye nobhedu.  

Kuyaziwa ukuba i-cookware yesinyithi eveliswa ziiyunithi ezithile kumazwe anengeniso esezantsi kunye nephakathi (LMICs) ezinomgangatho olinganiselweyo womgangatho kunye nolawulo zinoxinzelelo oluphezulu lwelothe. Uphononongo lwakutsha nje olwenziwa nguBinkhorst G., et al (2025) luphande ukuvezwa kwesikhokelo esinokubakho kwiimbiza zokupheka ze-aluminium kumazwe anengeniso ephantsi kunye nephakathi. Uhlalutyo lwe-113 ubukhulu becala iimbiza ze-aluminiyam ezintsha ezivela kwi-25 LMICs zibonise ukuba i-lead concentrations iyonke kwiimbiza yayisuka ku-<5 ppm ukuya phantse kwi-16,000 ppm, i-avareji ye-1600 ppm, kunye neyona nto iphezulu yokukhokela kwiimbiza ezivela eVietnam, ePakistan, e-Indonesia nase-Indiya. Ukugqithiswa kwe-lead ehamba phambili ukusuka kwi-<1-2900 μg / L i-avareji ye-100 μg / L emva kokubilisa i-4% ye-acetic acid kwi-2 h. Itotali kunye nokuvuza okulothe okuvuzayo kuye kwalinganiseka. Iimbiza zokupheka ezenziwe ngokuphosa ilothe ngokulinganayo xa kuthelekiswa neembiza ezenziwe ngealuminiyam esongwayo. Ugxininiso olunjalo olukhokelayo lunokubangela amanqanaba egazi adlula umda wongenelelo we-5 μg/dL kubantwana nakubafazi abakwiminyaka yokuzala. Oku kuqinisekiswa kokugqwesa okuphezulu okukhokelayo kwi-cookware kubaluleke ngokwaneleyo kungenelelo lwempilo yoluntu.   

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Iingxelo:  

1. Imiba ye-FDA iSilumkiso malunga neMiba yokupheka eNgaphandle enokuthi iKhokele. Okwangoku nge-13 ka-Agasti 2025.Ifumaneka e https://www.fda.gov/food/alerts-advisories-safety-information/fda-issues-warning-about-imported-cookware-may-leach-lead-august-2025 

2. UHore P, u-Alex-Oni K, u-Sedlar S, u-Bardhi N, u-Ehrlich J. Amanqanaba eGazi aPhakamileyo kuMfazi okhulelweyo kunye neNtsapho yakhe evela kwi-Traditional Kansa (iBronze) kunye ne-Pital (i-Brass) ye-Metalware - kwisixeko saseNew York, ngo-2024. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2025; 74:298–301. 22 Meyi 2025. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7418a1 

3. Abalingane, u-KM, uSamy, u-S. & Whittaker, SG Ukuvavanya i-cookware yesinyithi njengomthombo wokuvezwa kwelothe. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 35, 342-350 (2025). DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1038/s41370-024-00686-7 

4. Binkhorst G., et al 2025. Ukuvezwa okunokwenzeka okukhokelela kwiimbiza zokupheka ze-aluminiyam kumazwe anengeniso ephantsi kunye nephakathi. Ijenali Yezinto Eziyingozi. Umqulu. 492, 15 Julayi 2025, 138134. DOI: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138134  

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