Utshintsho lwemozulu olubangelwa kukufudumala kwehlabathi olubangelwa kukukhutshelwa kwegesi eninzi emoyeni luyisongelo olukhulu kuluntu kwihlabathi liphela. Ukuphendula oku, abachaphazelekayo basebenza ekunciphiseni ukukhutshelwa kwegesi yekhabhoni emoyeni okucingelwa ukuba yeyona nto iphambili ekuthinteleni utshintsho lwemozulu . Amanyathelo okuvalelwa kutshanje ajolise ekuthinteleni ukusasazeka kwentsholongwane ye-SARS CoV-2 ebangela ubhubhane we-COVID-19 anciphise okwethutyana imisebenzi yezoqoqosho yabantu ekhokelela ekukhulisweni kokukhutshwa kwegesi emoyeni. Oku kubonelele ngemeko yexesha elizayo yokutshintsha kolwakhiwo lomoya ngenxa yokunciphisa ukukhutshelwa. Uphononongo lwakutshanje lubonisa ukuba umgangatho womoya ophucukileyo ngenxa yokukhutshelwa ngasemva akuzange kulibazise izinga lokukhula kwegesi emoyeni njengoko bekulindelwe. Oku kungenxa yokwanda kobomi be-methane (igesi ebalulekileyo yokukhutshelwa ngasemva) kwaye ngokuyinxenye kungenxa yokuncipha kokuthathwa kwe-CO2 elwandle . Oku kubonisa ukuba izoyikiso zotshintsho lwemozulu kunye nongcoliseko lomoya azizongxaki zimbini ezahlukeneyo kodwa zidibene. Ke ngoko, imizamo yokunciphisa ukukhutshelwa kwegesi yokukhutshelwa ngasemva kunye nokuphucula umgangatho womoya kufuneka iqwalaselwe kunye.
Isifo se-COVID-19 emva kokuqhambuka kwaso e-Wuhan e-China sabhengezwa njengoqhambuko lwenkxalabo kwihlabathi nge-30 kaJanuwari 2020. Kungekudala sathatha uhlobo olubi kakhulu sasasazeka kwihlabathi jikelele kwaye sabhengeza ubhubhani nge-11 kaMatshi 2020. Ukusukela ngoko, ubhubhane ubangele ukubandezeleka okungazange kubonwe ngaphambili kwabantu kunye nomonakalo omkhulu kwezoqoqosho.
Imizamo yokuthintela nokunciphisa i-COVID-19 iqinisekisile ukubekwa kwemiqathango enzima kwimisebenzi yabantu ngokuvalelwa ngaphandle kwemvume okukhokelele ekwehleni okukhulu kwemisebenzi yemizi-mveliso neyezoqoqosho, ezothutho kunye nokuhamba ngeenqwelo-moya kangangeenyanga ezininzi. Oku kubangele ukwehla okukhulu kokukhutshwa komoya emoyeni. Ukukhutshwa komoya we-carbon dioxide (CO2) kwehle nge-5.4% ngo-2020. Umgangatho womoya uphucukile ngexesha lokuvalwa. Utshintsho olubonakalayo lubonwe kwindlela umoya omi ngayo.
Umntu ebenokulindela ukuba izinga lokukhula kweegesi zegreenhouse emoyeni licothe ngenxa yokuvalwa komsebenzi kodwa akuzange kwenzeke. Ngaphandle kokuhla okubukhali kokukhutshwa kwemizi-mveliso kunye neenqwelo-moya/zezithuthi, amazinga okukhula kwe-atmospheric yeegesi ze-greenhouse akazange athobe isantya. Endaweni yoko, isixa se-CO2 esibhakabhakeni siqhubekile sikhula ngesantya esifana nesakwiminyaka yangaphambili.
Olu fumaniso lungalindelekanga lubangelwe kukuncipha kokufunxwa kwe-CO2 ziintyatyambo zaselwandle. Nangona kunjalo, into ephambili yayiyi-atmospheric methane. Ngexesha eliqhelekileyo, ii-nitrogen oxides, enye yezinto ezingcolisa umoya (izinto ezintandathu ezingcolisa umoya yi-carbon monoxide, i-lead, ii-nitrogen oxides, i-ozone esezantsi, i-particle matter, kunye ne-sulphur oxides) zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni umgangatho we-methane kunye ne-ozone emoyeni. Zenza ii-hydroxyl radicals ezihlala ixesha elide ezinceda ekuqhekezeni iigesi ezihlala ixesha elide njenge-methane emoyeni. Ukwehla kokukhutshwa kwe-nitrogen oxides okubangelwa kukuvalelwa phantsi kuthetha ukunciphisa amandla omoya okuzicoca kwi-methane. Ngenxa yoko, ubomi be-methane ( igesi ye-greenhouse esebenza ngakumbi ekubambeni ubushushu emoyeni kune-CO2 ) emoyeni bunyukile kwaye uxinzelelo lwe-methane emoyeni aluzange lwehle ngokuncipha kokukhutshwa okubangelwa kukuvalelwa phantsi. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, i-methane emoyeni ikhule ngesantya esiphezulu se-0.3% kunyaka ophelileyo, esingaphezulu kunanini na kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo.
Ukunciphisa ubuninzi beegesi ezigcina ubushushu emoyeni kukunciphisa okubalulekileyo nokuthatha inyathelo ngenyathelo kokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni ngundoqo kwizicwangciso zotshintsho lwemozulu nangona kunjalo, njengoko uphando lubonisa, impendulo iyonke yokwakheka komoya kutshintsho lokukhutshwa kwegesi ichaphazeleka kakhulu zizinto ezifana nokuphendula komjikelo wekhabhoni kwi-CH4 kunye ne-CO2 , amanqanaba ongcoliseko lwangasemva, ixesha kunye nendawo yokutshintsha kokukhutshwa kwegesi, kunye nokuphendula kwemozulu kumgangatho womoya, njengemililo yasendle kunye nesohlwayo semozulu ye-ozone . Ke ngoko, izoyikiso zotshintsho lwemozulu kunye nongcoliseko lomoya azizongxaki zimbini ezahlukeneyo kodwa zidibene. Ngenxa yoko, imizamo yokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi ezigcina ubushushu kunye nokuphucula umgangatho womoya kufuneka iqwalaselwe kunye.
***
umthombo:
ULaughner J., et al 2021. Utshintsho lwentlalo olubangelwe yi-COVID-19 lubonisa ubunzima obukhulu kunye neempendulo phakathi kwekhemistri yomoya kunye notshintsho lwemozulu . PNAS Novemba 16, 2021 118 (46) e2109481118; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.21094811188
***
